水下穿越管道附近河床演变特性试验

Evolution features of riverbeds near underwater crossing line pipes: An experimental study

研究水下穿越管道附近河床演变规律对于保障输油气管道安全运行、降低管道水毁灾害风险具有重要的意义。为了明确水下穿越管道附近河床演变规律及其对水下穿越管道的影响,开展了水下穿越管道水槽模型试验,观测管道附近河床演变的物理过程,研究水动力条件对管道局部冲刷的影响,并揭示了水下穿越管道形成局部冲刷的机理。试验结果表明:①当水流为缓流时,水下穿越管道附近河床演变过程可分为:河床下切、管道暴露、微孔形成、冲坑扩展、管道悬空和冲刷平衡6个阶段;②导致水下穿越管道产生局部冲刷的原因有涡流和渗流两个方面,管道暴露前涡流使管周沙粒减少,管道暴露后涡流和渗流共同作用使管底出现微孔,从而形成局部冲刷;③流速和水深共同影响着河床各阶段冲刷历时和管底最大冲刷深度,当弗劳德数介于0.306~0.808时,弗劳德数越大,水流越急,管底最大冲刷深度越大,达到冲刷平衡历时越少,河床整体下切深度越大,河床地形平坦且管底最大冲刷深度介于管径的0.9~1.6倍,达到冲刷平衡历时介于1650~2620 min。结论认为,该试验研究结果为预测水下穿越管道未来埋深及其安全运营提供了重要的参考数据。

It is of important significance to study the evolution law of the riverbed near underwater crossing line pipes for ensuring the safe operation of oil and gas pipelines and reducing the risk of damage by water flood disasters.In order to clarify the evolution law of the riverbed near underwater crossing line pipes and its negative effects,this paper conducted flume model experiments on underwater crossing line pipes.The physical process of riverbed evolution near pipes was observed and the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the local pipe scour was studied.What's more,the formation mechanism of local scour at underwater crossing line pipes was revealed.And the following research results were obtained.First,when the water flow is slow,the riverbed evolution process near underwater crossing line pipes is mainly divided into six stages,including riverbed undercutting,pipe exposure,micro-pore formation,scour hole propagation,pipe suspension and scour equilibrium.Second,Vortex and seepage flow are the reasons for the local scour of underwater crossing line pipes.Before pipes are exposed,the silt around the pipes is reduced by vortex.After pipes are exposed,micro-pores occur at the pipe bottom under the joint action of vortex and seepage flow.And thus,local scour is formed.Third,flow velocity and water depth jointly influence the riverbed scour duration of each stage and the maximum scour depth at the pipe bottom.When the Froude number(Fr)is in the range of 0.306–0.808,with the increase of Fr,water flow gets fast,the maximum scour depth at the pipe bottom increases,the duration for scour equilibrium decreases,the riverbed undercutting depth increases and the riverbed topographically gets flatter.The maximum scour depth at the pipe bottom is 0.9–1.6 times the pipe diameter,and the duration for scour equilibrium is between 1650 min and 2620 min.In conclusion,the experimental results provide important reference for predicting the burial depth of underwater crossing line pipes and ensuring their safe operation.