沿海城市风场时空特征分析——以福建省晋江市为例

Analysis of Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Wind Field in Coastal Cities:A Case Study of Jinjiang City,Fujian Province

为分析沿海城市风场的时空变化规律,以福建省晋江市为例,在当地气象观测资料的气候统计基础上,通过风矢量分解、统计与数值模拟、海陆风日等方法,从静风、主导风与海陆风三个方面研究晋江城市风场的基本规律,初步了解沿海城市风场的基本特征。结果如下:沿海城市受海陆地形等因素影响导致当地平均风速较高,静风天较少,风能资源丰富;中国沿海城市大多处在季风气候区域,不同季节主导风向差异明显,符合季风气候特征;沿海城市风场受海陆风等局地风场影响较大,某点出现海陆风的频率与其到海岸线距离大体呈负相关规律,海风与陆风风向在海陆风日内转换差异显著,海陆风各项特征均具有季节性差异。研究可为沿海城市风场时空特征研究提供基础理论方法,并且为沿海地区的天气预报与监测、污染扩散与传输、农业种植区划、风资源利用等方面提供十分重要的理论依据。

In order to analyze the spatiotemporal variation of wind field in coastal cities,based on the climatic statistics of local meteorological observation data,the basic laws of urban wind field in Jinjiang are studied from three aspects of static wind,dominant wind and sea-land wind using the methods of wind vector decomposition,statistics and numerical simulation,sea-land wind days and other methods,and the basic characteristics of coastal urban wind field are preliminarily understood.The conclusion is as follows.The coastal cities are affected by the sea,land topography and other factors,resulting in higher average wind speed,fewer static wind days and abundant wind energy resources.Most coastal cities in China are located in monsoon climate regions,and the difference of dominant wind direction in different seasons is obvious,which accords with the characteristics of monsoon climate.The wind field of coastal cities is greatly influenced by local wind fields such as sea-land wind,etc.The frequency of sea-land wind at a certain point is negatively correlated with the distance from the coastline.The intraday conversion of sea wind and land wind is significantly different,and the characteristics of sea-land wind are seasonal.The study can provide basic theoretical methods for the study of spatiotemporal characteristics of wind field in coastal cities,and an important theoretical basis for weather forecast and monitoring,pollution diffusion and transmission,agricultural planting regionalization and wind resource utilization in coastal areas.