近年主要发达国家制造业人才培育政策及对我国的启示

The cultivation of manufacturing talents in major developed countries in recent years and its enlightenment to China

金融危机的爆发使发达国家意识到制造业仍是经济增长的发动机,各国先后提出再工业化战略,通过加大人力资本投入、完善人才培养体系、强化人才政策研究、深化资格认证制度等举措,加强工科人才、技能人才、创新人才储备,为再工业化补充高素质人才。目前,我国虽已投入了大量的政策资源提高制造业人才素质和能力,但仍存在着财税政策引导不足、职前教育与制造业的实际需求脱节、在职培训参与率不高等诸多问题。为实现制造业的转型升级,我国应把人才战略作为实施本国制造业战略的重要支撑,持续加强财税政策的激励引导,深化职业教育和在职培训,建立健全相应的配套制度,进一步打造"质优量足"的制造业人才梯队,为制造业的转型升级提供源源不断的高素质人才。

The outbreak of the financial crisis has made developed countries realize that manufacturing is still the engine of economic growth.To supplement high-quality talents for re-industrialization,developed countries propose re-industrialization strategy,strengthen the storage of engineering talents,skilled talents,and innovative talents through increasing human capital investment,improving personnel training system,strengthening research on talent policy,deepening qualification system,etc.At present,although China has invested a large amount of policy resources to improve the quality and ability of manufacturing talents,there are still problems such as insufficient guidance of finance and taxation,disconnection between actual needs of pre-service education and manufacturing development,and low participation rate of on-the-job training.To achieve transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry,China should regard talents strategy as an important support for implementing manufacturing strategy,continue to strengthen fiscal and tax incentives,deepen vocational education and training,establish and improve the corresponding supporting system,create a“quality and quantity”manufacturing talent echelon,and provide a steady stream of high-quality talents for the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry..