诺如病毒活病毒鉴别技术研究进展

Research progress in the application of identification technology for infectious Norovirus

诺如病毒(Noroviruses,NoVs)作为引起非细菌性肠胃炎的主要病原体之一,在全球范围内可造成严重的公共卫生问题与经济损失,近年来我国由该病毒引起的疫情也呈上升趋势。由于人NoVs的体外培养极其困难,现有的国家与国际检测标准均以无法分辨其死活的实时荧光-逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction,RT-qPCR)扩增核酸的结果为依据,因此活病毒的确证一直是NoVs检测的瓶颈,严重影响食品安全的危害分析、风险评估和决策制定。本文从体内和体外培养模型、病毒基因组以及衣壳蛋白完整性3个方面切入,重点综述并讨论了近年来NoVs活病毒鉴别技术的研究进展及特点,同时对该技术的未来发展趋势进行展望。旨在进一步提高NoVs定量检测的精准性并为其在食品安全检测领域中的应用提供理论依据。

Norovirus,as one of the main pathogens causing non-bacterial gastroenteritis,can cause serious public health problems and economic losses around the world.In recent years,the outbreaks caused by the virus in China are on the rise.Human Norovirus(HuNoV)can hardly be cultivated in-vitro.The nucleic acid detection method(such as RT-qPCR)has the highest sensitivity and specificity,but it was not established that the correlation between the detected viral genome and viral infectivity,which leads to inaccurate judgment of safety risks.Here,the in-vitro and in-vivo culture models,viral genome integrity and capsid protein integrity were cut into three aspects.The research progress and characteristics of infectious Norovirus identification technology in recent years were reviewed and discussed,and the future development trend of this technology was prospected.The aim is to further improve the accuracy of Norovirus quantitative detection and provide a theoretical basis for its application in the field of food safety testing.