截省句中谓词性空位成分的特点与性质

Property and Nature of Predicative Empty Category in Sluicing Sentence

汉语特指问句中除疑问代词以外的其他所有句子成分皆被删略这类截省现象可以用"谓词性空位成分"来解释。截省句中省略的成分是"[CPWH[IPECp]]"结构中的IP部分,即除了那个在逻辑式中前置了的疑问代词以外的小句形式,而这个IP小句形式就是一个谓词性空位成分。此类句子在逻辑式层面发生了"移位"和"拷贝"前后两步隐性的句法操作。其中"移位"将疑问代词移至IP之前的句首位置,而"拷贝"则是根据"等同条件"将先行语的内容在预定的句法位置上将其复制出来,从而建构出截省句完整的逻辑表达式,实现其语义解读。跟英语截省句一样,汉语截省句也是一种包含谓词性空位成分的句法格式,两种语言的差别主要在于推导过程的不同和句法操作层面的差异。

In Chinese Sluicing, the phenomenon that all the syntactic constituents in a WH-question, except the WH-word itself, are deleted can be explained under the theory of "Predicative Empty Category". The ellipsis in Sluicing is an "IP" in such a form as "[CPWH [IPECp]]", and the IP is a clause without the fronted WH-word in the Logical Form. The clause IP is argued to be a Predicative Empty Category. It has been demonstrated that Sluicing has resulted from the two operations of "Movement" and "Copy", which take place invisibly in Logical Form in the Chinese Language, whereby "movement" is to move the WH-word out of an IP to the beginning of the sentence, and "Copy" is to reduplicate the antecedent’s contents and place them into the position of the IP under the "Isomorphic Condition", so as to construct the complete logical form of Sluicing and to realize its semantic interpretation. As English Sluicing, Chinese Sluicing is also a grammatical form containing a Predicative Empty Category. The contrast between two the languages mainly lies in the difference as where and how the derivational operations take place.