试论曲韵“入声独立”与“入派三声”之异同——以《曲韵骊珠》质直韵与《中原音韵》齐微韵之比较为例

A Comparative Study between Zhi Zhi(质直) of Quyun Lizhu(曲韵骊珠) and Qi Wei(齐微) of Zhongyuan Yinyun(中原音韵)

《曲韵骊珠》质直韵字基本上皆为《中原音韵》齐微韵字。质直韵阴声类入声韵字的北叶音字为齐微韵上声韵字,阴声类的入声韵字及其反切下字为齐微韵的入作上声韵字。质直韵阳声类入声韵字的北叶音字则一般为齐微韵去声、平声(阳)韵字,阳声类入声韵字及其反切下字则一般也相应地为齐微韵"入作去声"或"入作平声"韵字。《曲韵骊珠》质直韵字与《中原音韵》齐微韵字之对应明晰一致,一如《曲韵骊珠》屋读韵、恤律韵与《中原音韵》鱼模韵之对应。相较而言,《曲韵骊珠》入声独立设韵,较《中原音韵》"次本韵后""入派三声"之设置,则更便于南曲演唱制韵之使用。

The characters in "Zhi Zhi"(质直) rhyme of Quyun Lizhu(曲韵骊珠) are as same as which in Qi Wei(齐微) rhyme of Zhongyuan Yinyun(中原音韵) basically. The characters of uneven tone of the rhymes which non-ended in a nasal consonant in Zhi Zhi(质直) are the same characters in third tone of Qi Wei(齐微), and which’s last characters of Fanqie are the third tone that tuned by the characters in uneven tone of Qi Wei(齐微) rhyme. The homonyms characters in uneven tone which ended in a nasal consonant are the characters in fourth tone of Qi Wei(齐微) rhyme normally, the characters ended in a nasal consonant in even tone and the characters in uneven tone including the last characters of Fanqie are the characters in fourth tone tuned from uneven tone or in even tone tuned from uneven tone. The characters of Zhi Zhi(质直) of Quyun Lizhu and of Qi Wei(齐微) of Zhongyuan Yinyun(中原音韵) corresponded unanimously, just like the Wu Du(屋读) thyme, Xu Lv(恤律)thyme of Quyun Lizhu(曲韵骊珠) correspond with the Yu Mo(鱼模) thyme. The uneven tone of Quyun Lizhu(曲韵骊珠) set up independently and to sing conveniently for southern play compared to the methods which affiliated thyme attached to the key thyme and the uneven tone tuned from the three another tones.