大学与政府关系70年(1949-2019)

The Relationship between the University and the Government in 70 Years (1949-2019)

新中国成立70年来,大学与政府的关系发生了明显的阶段性变化。在计划经济时代,集中统一的高等教育管理体制促成了大学与政府的行政化关系特征,政府对大学的直接领导涵盖从管理到教学的全部领域。20世纪80年代之后,在市场经济体制下,政府的政策引导和办学经费来源多元化等因素促使大学与政府的关系在多方面发生变化,其中经济化趋向尤为突出。进入21世纪以来,高等教育治理在学术界得到广泛、深入研究的同时,也逐渐影响到政府的政策与高等教育实践。改变大学与政府的行政化关系、去行政化,是完善高等教育治理结构必须面对的重要课题。

Since the founding of the PRC, the relationship between the university and the government has undergone obvious changes. In the planned economy era, the highly centralized and unified system of higher education management caused the administration-oriented relationship, covering all fields from university management to teaching. Since the 1980 s, under the system of market economy, policy guidance of the government and diverse sources of funding changed the relationship at many aspects, especially with the trend of economization. Entering the 21 st century, higher education governance has been extensively and thoroughly studied in academia, gradually affecting the government policy and the practice of higher education. Changing the administration-oriented relationship and de-administration is an important issue in the process of improving higher education governance structure.