复方中草药制剂对克氏原螯虾生长、免疫功能及肝胰腺组织的影响

Effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine on growth,immunity and hepatopancreas of crayfish Procambarus clarkii

本试验旨在研究复方中草药制剂对克氏原螯虾生长性能、免疫功能及肝胰腺组织的影响,为筛选防控克氏原螯虾病害的绿色药物提供理论依据。在基础饲料中分别添加0.17%甘草+0.10%板蓝根+0.03%黄芪多糖(A组)、0.13%甘草+0.14%板蓝根+0.03%黄芪多糖(B组)和0.21%甘草+0.06%板蓝根+0.03%黄芪多糖(C组)3种复方中草药制剂,连续投喂初始规格为(8.7±1.6)g的克氏原螯虾28 d,测定其生长参数及免疫相关酶的活性变化,观察肝胰腺组织结构。结果表明:各试验组克氏原螯虾的增重率较对照组分别提高了25.81%、26.67%和24.26%(P <0.05);特定生长率分别提高了12.58%、14.05%和11.95%(P <0.05),并且试验B组中克氏原螯虾的饵料系数显著低于对照组(P <0.05);C组复方可显著提高克氏原螯虾的酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶和酚氧化酶活性(P <0.05),而A组复方可以显著提高克氏原螯虾超氧化物歧化酶活性(P <0.05);此外,3个试验组的克氏原螯虾肝小管管腔多边形结构明显,并且肝胰腺B细胞数量高于对照组,F细胞中颗粒物质少于对照组。综上所述,饲料中添加甘草、板蓝根、黄芪多糖构成的复方中草药制剂可以显著提高克氏原螯虾的生长性能和免疫功能,并改善肝胰腺组织结构,其中添加0.13%甘草+0.14%板蓝根+0.03%黄芪多糖促生长效果最好,添加0.21%甘草+0.06%板蓝根+0.03%黄芪多糖免疫功能提升较高,各复方组均能改善肝胰腺组织结构和功能。

To evaluated growth performance,immunity function and hepatopancreas of crayfish(Procambarus clarkii)feeding on three different basic diet adding compound Chinese herbal medicine,group A(0.17%Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch+0.10%Baphicacanthus cusia+0.03%Astragalus membranaceus),group B(0.13%Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch+0.14%Baphicacanthus cusia+0.03%Astragalus membranaceus),group C(0.21%Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch+0.06%Baphicacanthus cusia+0.03%Astragalus membranaceus)respectively.The group N was control group feeding basic diet.The trial was conducted for 28 days in a simulated ecological aquaculture system.The growth parameter was determined,and the histological changes of hepatopancreas was observed at the end of the feeding trail.Hemolymph was extracted to prepare serum at 7,14,21,28 days to measure the activity of immune-related enzymes,such as acid phosphatase(ACP),alkaline phosphatase(AKP),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and phenoloxidase(PO).The results showed that the weight gain ratio and specific growth ratio of experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05),and the feed conversion ratio of group B was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05).The activities of ACP,AKP and PO in group C were higher than those in other experimental groups,and significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05).The SOD activity of crayfish in group A was significantly higher than those in control group.We also observed that the compound Chinese herbal medicine could affect the morphology of hepatic tubules,increase the number of B cells,and improve the material transmiting function of F cells in crayfish hepatopancreas.In conclusion,compound Chinese herbal medicine could enhance the growth performance,immune function and histological structure of hepatopancreas of crayfish.The growth performance of crayfish in group B was the best,and the immune function of crayfish in group C was higher.All the compound Chinese herbal medicine of experimental group could improve histological structure and function of hepatopancreas.