道德代偿：孔子政治思想的构建逻辑——兼论儒家何以不能成为现代政治治理的权威

Moral Compensation: The Logic of Confucius’ Political Thought: On Why Confucianism Cannot Become the Authority of Modern Political Governance

“仁—礼—德”的三位一体形成孔子政治思想的基本构架,其逻辑是:以“仁”作为其政治思想的哲学基础,为社会秩序的恢复和重建寻找最终的价值依据和心理本原;以礼代法,赋予礼“经国家”和“序民人”的双重作用,礼代替法成为维系社会秩序和规范的制度保障;以德治政,为“礼”的合法性存在进行价值辩护和寻找承载主体。现代政治治理的核心要义和价值追求是民主与法治,而儒家政治治理的核心是伦理政治化,它通常表现为道德至上主义下的实际人治。从本质上讲,儒家无论如何也不可能成为现代政治治理的权威,更应该思考的是儒家如何参与到现代政治治理的过程中来。

The trinity of"benevolence-rite-morality"forms the basic framework of Confucius'political thought.Its logic is:take"benevolence"as the philosophical foundation of his political thought,and find the ultimate value basis and psychological origin for the restoration and reconstruction of social order.By substituting rites for laws,the two roles of"the state"and"the people of the order"were given to them.Governing by virtue,justifies the existence of the legitimacy of"rite"and looks for the carrier.The core of modern political governance concept and value pursuit is democracy and the rule of law,and political governance is the core of Confucian political ethics,it is usually characterized by moral supremacy of the actual laws.In essence,Confucian couldn't become the authority of the modern political governance,and what we should think more about is how Confucian can be involved in the process of modern political governance.