纳西语属格和方所格的源流

The Historical Development of Genitives and Locatives in Naxi

从语音比较和语义功能分布量化分析的结果来看,原始东部纳西语属格语素为*bV;原始西部纳西语属格语素为*gV^M。方所格来源复杂,舌尖流音声母语素来源于原始彝缅语*k(l)o^1。*k(l)o^1分化出的原始纳语*ko“里”跟原始西部纳西语*ku“头”的各自子代在现代西部方言各土语中产生功能分布竞争。对应音节的舌根声母送气化并表征“在……之内”的语素来源于*ko,而保留不送气舌根声母并表征“在……之上”的语素来源于*ku。两者功能分布的竞争焦点通常为“目标”论元标志。

Based on phonetic comparison and quantitative analysis of functional distribution,contemporary genitives in Naxi&Na subdialects can be respectively tracked back to proto-Na*bV and proto-Naxi(thereafter,PNX)*gVM.In terms of the complication of locatives,PYB*k(l)o1“inside”(Bradley 1975:130,#451)splits into proto-Naish(thereafter,PNI)*lo“inside”and PNI*ko“inside”.Locatives in contemporary subdialects with lateral approximant initials can trace back to PNI*lo,while those deriving from PNI*ko with velar plosive initials in Naxi subdialects have grammaticalized along the slope Inessive>LOC and possibly gone down to G,where they come across the offsprings of PNX*ku“head”,coming from Adhesive.Phonetically speaking,descendants of PNI*ko normally have its initials aspirated in the corresponding syllables.