探析大球时代乒乓球运动员运动素质的新要求

Exploring the New Requirements of Sport Quality of Table Tennis Players in the Big Ball Times

运动素质是运动员充分发挥技战术的基础,是预防运动损伤的有力保障。随着乒乓球球体直径、材质的变化,带来了一系列技战术新特征,同时也对运动员的运动素质提出了全新的考验。文章运用文献资料、专家访谈、逻辑推理等研究方法,从乒乓球球体结构和技战术新特征两方面出发,对运动素质进行了深入的探讨,发现:球体增大、旋转下降,相持段使用率大幅提高,对运动员的爆发力、移动速度、无氧耐力、柔韧性、协调性等素质提出了更为苛刻的要求;在接发球技术日渐丰富与发球威胁性下降的双重作用下,运动员的反应速度、移动速度以及强强对抗能力决定了比赛的局势;引入球童、频现强强对抗现象使比赛更为紧凑与激烈,运动员体能得不到充分恢复,对运动员无氧耐力水平提出了巨大的挑战等。

Sports quality is the basis for athletes to fully utilize their skills and tactics,and is a powerful guarantee for preventing sports injuries.With the change of the diameter and material of the table tennis ball,a series of new features of techniques and tactics are brought forward,which also puts forward a new test to the athletes'sports quality.Using literature,expert interviews,logical reasoning and other research methods,from the two aspects of table tennis ball structure and new features of technology and tactics,the paper explores the following:the sphere is enlarged,the rotation is decreasing,and the usage of the phased is greatly improved,there are more strict requirements on athletes'explosive force,moving speed,anaerobic endurance,flexibility,coordination and other qualities;under the dual role of increasing the serve technology and the threatening decline of the serve,the athlete's reaction speed,moving speed and strong confrontation ability determine the situation of the match;with the introduction of caddies,the strong confrontation phenomenon makes the game more compact and fierce,the athlete's physical fitness is not fully restored and poses a huge challenge to their anaerobic endurance level.