重庆市公交驾驶员睡眠质量及其与职业健康的关系

Sleep quality and its relationship with occupational health of bus drivers in Chongqing

目的调查重庆市公交车驾驶员的睡眠、疾病、情绪以及职业倦怠状况,分析其睡眠质量与职业健康关系。方法对重庆市299名公交驾驶员进行一般人口学问卷、STOP-Bang问卷、健康抑郁筛查量表(PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑障碍筛查量表(GAD-7)、职业倦怠问卷和疲劳驾驶情况调查。依据调查结果,将公交驾驶员分为阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)高风险组(225例)和低风险组(74例),存在失眠症状组(254例)和没有存在睡眠症状组(45例)。结果公交驾驶员OSAHS高风险组和低风险组在年龄[(41.04±7.92)岁,(37.32±8.45)岁,t=-3.34]、体重指数(BMI)[(25.37±3.30)kg/m^2,(24.18±3.42)kg/m^2,t=-2.63]、高血压病史[24.32%(18/74),3.11%(7/225),χ^2=32.71]、GAD-7评分[(7.32±6.47)分,(2.55±3.76)分,t=-7.80]、PHQ-9评分[(9.69±7.71)分,(3.56±3.84)分,t=-9.00]、职业倦怠[50.70%(39/74),23.56%(53/225),χ^2=22.21]和疲劳驾驶[22.97%(17/74),59.11%(133/225),χ^2=29.09]方面差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。公交驾驶员是否存在失眠症状在年龄[(40.82±7.93)岁,(37.78±8.49)岁,t=-2.24]、GAD-7评分[(11.27±6.71)分,(2.39±3.14)分,t=-8.71]、PHQ-9评分[(14.71±6.63)分,(3.37±3.38)分,t=-11.22]、职业倦怠[68.89%(31/45),24.02%(61/254),χ^2=36.14]和疲劳驾驶[24.44%(11/45),54.72%(139/254),χ^2=14.02]方面均差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。对OSAHS风险的影响因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析,BMI(OR=1.16,95%CI:1.04~1.30)、高血压病史(OR=16.96,95%CI:5.39~53.34)和PHQ-9评分(OR=1.19,95%CI:1.05~1.34)为公交驾驶员发生OSAHS的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论公交驾驶员睡眠质量与职业健康有关,高血压、超重和抑郁症状会加重患OSAHS风险,影响睡眠质量。

Objective To investigate the sleep,illness,mood and job burnout of Chongqing bus drivers,and analyze the relationship between sleep quality and occupational health.Methods General demographic questionnaire,STOP-Bang questionnaire,Patient Health Questionaire-9(PHQ-9),Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7),Burnout Questionnaire and fatigue driving conditions were investigated for 299 bus drivers in Chongqing.According to the survey results,bus drivers were divided into obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)high-risk group(n=225)and low-risk group(n=74),insomnia group(n=254)and no sleep symptoms group(n=45).Results The OSAHS high-risk group and low-risk group had statistically significant differences in age[(41.04±7.92,37.32±8.45),t=-3.34],body mass index(BMI)[(25.37±3.30)kg/m^2,(24.18±3.42)kg/m^2,t=-2.63],hypertension[24.32%(18/74),23.11%(7/225),χ^2=32.71],GAD-7[(7.32±6.47)points,(2.55±3.76)points,t=-7.80],PHQ-9[(9.69±7.71)points,(3.56±3.84)points,t=9.00],occupational burnout[50.70%(39/74),23.56%(53/225),χ^2=22.21]and fatigue driving[22.97%(17/74),59.11%(133/225),χ^2=29.09](all P<0.01).There were statistically significant differences in bus driver's sleep problems in age(40.82±7.93,37.78±8.49,t=2.24),GAD-7[(11.27±6.71)points,(2.39±3.14)points,t=8.71],PHQ-9[(14.71±6.63)points,(3.37±3.38)points,t=-11.22],occupational burnout[68.89%(34/45),24.02%(61/254),χ^2=36.14]and fatigue driving[24.44%(11/45),54.72%(139/254),χ^2=14.02](all P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on the influencing factors of OSAHS risk.High BMI(OR=1.16,95%CI:1.04-1.30),hypertension(OR=16.96,95%CI:5.39-53.34)and high score of PHQ-9(OR=1.19,95%CI:1.05-1.34)were independent risk factors for high risk of OSAHS in bus drivers(all P<0.05).Conclusions The sleep quality of bus drivers is related to occupational health.Hypertension,overweight and depression can increase the risk of OSAHS and affect sleep quality.