吸毒人群心理体验的质性分析——基于标签理论的视角

Qualitative Analysis of Psychological Experience among Chinese Drug Users:A Perspective of Labeling Theory

关于吸毒人群心理状况的研究是毒品和吸毒者研究领域的一个重要组成部分。然而,此类研究基本均是从心理学视角出发的量化研究,而从吸毒者角度讨论因使用毒品而带来的主观心理体验的研究则较为罕见。本研究基于标签理论视角,运用质性研究方法,探讨了36位吸毒人员关于吸毒经历的主观心理体验。研究发现,吸毒者被标签化的过程普遍包含了隐瞒、被发现、被贴上标签以及标签的内化这几个阶段。而在这一历程中始终伴随着的是社会歧视与排斥。一些吸毒者选择接受这一事实,而另一些则表示了不满与反抗。从心理体验的角度出发,吸毒者被标签化的经历也可总结为害怕歧视、感受歧视、面对歧视以及最后对歧视的或接受或反抗的心理过程。基于这一研究发现,本研究提出,应转变禁毒戒毒工作的犯罪学视角,并配合以禁毒教育内容与宣传策略的改变,从而修正社会大众对于毒品和吸毒者的刻板印象,并缓解吸毒者被标签化的问题。

The study on psychological conditions of drug users remains a crucial part in the research of drugs and drug users.However,such studies are mainly quantitative ones from the perspective of psychology,while rarely focusing on drug users’subjective psychological experience.Therefore,based on the labeling theory and 36 interviews on subjective psychological experience with Chinese drug users,the study reveals that participants have generally experienced labeling process,including concealing,being uncovered,being labeled,and label internalization,which companies with social discrimination and exclusion.Some drug users have chosen to accept the reality,while others have expressed their dissatisfaction.To sum up,their experience can be described as the process from fearing,experiencing,facing,to accepting or resisting discrimination.Based on this,it suggests that the criminological perspective,which guides the drug control andtreatment,should be changed in accordance with the content and publicity strategy of drug control education,so that society will correct stereotypes about drugs and drug users and then alleviate the problem of labeled drug users.