农地流转价格失灵:解释与影响

Price Failure in Rural Land Transfer: Explanation and Influence

政府的介入在促进农地流转的过程中,改变了农户在自发流转交易中的弱势地位,使农户由分散的个体变成了统一行动的集体,其市场适应和价格谈判的能力得到显著提高,农户也得到了很大的实惠。但这也使农户对农地的价值评价由农业生产要素的单一维度转向包含了生产功能、就业功能、财产功能、情感因素等多个维度,由此容易形成“价格幻觉”。在政府补贴力度不断加大的情形下,农地承租者也对政府补贴产生了严重依赖,形成了将政府补贴视为利润的“利润幻觉”。农户的“价格幻觉”和承租者的“利润幻觉”方向一致的惊人耦合,导致了农地流转交易价格从自发流转时的低位失灵向政府介入时的高位失灵变迁,这不仅加重了政府的财政负担,也给承租者和整个社会带来了许多风险,不是理想的农地流转配置方式。因此,政府要摆正自身的角色定位,对此进行适当的纠偏,让市场在促进农户增收和降低规模经营主体的经营成本之间寻求合理的平衡。

In the process of promoting rural land transfer,the government's intervention changed the weak position of farmers in spontaneous transfer transactions,and turned farmers that used to be dispersed individuals into a collective with collaborative actions.With significantly improved ability in market adaptation and price negotiation,farmers have benefited a lot.However,this also makes farmers'evaluation of farmland value from the single dimension of agricultural production factors to the multi-dimensions of production function,employment function,property function,emotional factor,which easily leads to a"price illusion".With the increasing government subsidies,rural land tenants have also relied heavily on government subsidies,forming a"profit illusion"that treats government subsidies as profits.The surprising coupling between the"price illusion"of farmers and the"profit illusion"of the tenants has led to the change of the rural land transfer price from the low level in spontaneous transfer to the high level in transfer with government intervention,which not only aggravates the government’s financial burdens,but also brings about many risks to the tenants and the whole society.It is not an ideal way of distributing agricultural land.Therefore,the government should be aware of its role and appropriately rectify it,enabling the market to seek a reasonable balance between promoting farmers'income and reducing the costs of scale operations.