卧床患者主要照顾者照顾负担及影响因素分析

Caring burden and its influencing factors among major caregivers of bedridden patients

目的探讨卧床患者主要照顾者照顾负担及其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法对338名卧床患者的主要照顾者,应用照顾者负担量表、主要照顾者压疮照顾行为量表和自制人口社会学情况调查表进行调查。结果主要照顾者照顾负担总分为(51.27±15.20)分,责任负担平均分为(14.60±4.95)分,个人负担平均分为(29.12±8.15)分。94.1%(318/338)的照顾者存在不同程度的照顾负担,其中79.6%(269/338)的主要照顾者的负担处于中、重度水平。卧床患者主要照顾者照顾负担与照顾行为呈正相关(r=0.347,P <0.05)。主要照顾者照顾负担影响因素为患者的年龄(β′=0.146)、现在是否使用气垫床(β′=–0.105)、患者的文化程度(β′=–0.171)、慢性病数量(β′=0.125);主要照顾者年龄(β′=0.321)、每日照顾时间(β′=0.118)、主要照顾者压疮照顾行为(β′=0.255),解释了总变异的35.3%。结论护理人员应了解卧床患者主要照顾者照顾负担水平及影响因素,进行针对性的指导以减轻其负担。

Objective To explore the burden of care and its influencing factors among major caregivers of bedridden patients. Methods We conducted a survey among 338 major caregivers of bedridden inpatients selected with convenient sampling in two grade A tertiary hospitals between October 2016 and February 2017. A self-designed demographics questionnaire for caregivers and bedridden patients, Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview-Chinese Version and a pressure sore care behavior scale were used in the survey. Results For the major caregivers, the score of overall care burden was 51.27 ±15.20;the average score of responsibility burden was 14.60 ± 4.95 and the average score of personal burden was 29.12 ±8.15. Of all the caregivers, 94.1%(318) reported care burden to some extent and 79.6%(269) reported a moderate or heavy burden. There was a positive correlation between care burden and care behavior(r = 0.347, P < 0.05). The influencing factors of the care burden for the major caregivers were the age of the inpatient being cared(standard regression coefficient = 0.146),whether the inpatient being supplied with an air-cushion bed(standard regression coefficient = – 0.105), education level of the inpatient(standard regression coefficient = – 0.171), the number of chronic diseases(standard regression coefficient =0.125). The age of a major caregiver(standard regression coefficient = 0.321), caring time per day(standard regression coefficient = 0.118), and pressure sore care behavior(standard regression coefficient = 0.255) together could explain 35.3%of total variation. Conclusion Nursing staff should know the degree and influence factors of care burden for major caregivers of bedridden inpatients in order to carry out targeted guidance to alleviate caregivers’ burden.