海南省贫困地区7～15岁学生超重肥胖流行现况

Prevalence of overweight and obesity among 7-15 years old primary and high school students in poor-stricken areas of Hainan province

目的了解海南省贫困地区2016-2017学年7~15岁中小学生超重肥胖流行现况,为制定相关干预措施提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,随机选取海南省实施"农村义务教育学生营养改善计划"地区24所学校的4 722名中小学生为研究对象,通过身高、体重计算体质指数(BMI),分析不同性别、年龄、城乡、民族的超重肥胖分布特征。结果共调查4 722名学生,超重和肥胖检出率分别为3.60%和2.01%。男、女生超重检出率分别为4.31%和2.82%,肥胖检出率分别为2.45%和1.52%,差异均有统计学意义;小学和初中学生超重检出率分别为3.35%和3.60%,差异无统计学意义,肥胖检出率分别为2.25%和1.38%,差异有统计学意义;汉族和少数民族学生超重检出率分别为3.67%和3.56%,肥胖检出率分别为2.28%和1.85%,差异均无统计学意义;县城和乡镇学校学生超重检出率分别为3.50%和3.65%,肥胖检出率分别为2.56%和1.73%,差异均无统计学意义。结论海南贫困地区中小学生超重肥胖检出率较低,但存在性别差异,男生超重肥胖检出率高于女生。

Objective To examine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary and high school students aged 7 – 15 year in poor stricken areas of Hainan province in the school year of 2016 to 2017 and to provide evidences for developing relevant intervention measures. Methods From September 2016 to June 2017, we conducted a survey among 7 –15 years old students(n = 4 722) selected using stratified random cluster sampling at 24 primary and high schools with the implementation of National Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education in 5 poor stricken areas of Hainan province. Height and weight of the students were measured and body mass index(BMI) was calculated for analyses of overweight and obesity among the students by sex, age, residential areas, and ethnic groups. The overweight and obesity were assessed based on the criterion issued by Working Group on Obesity in China(WGOC). Results The overall prevalence rate of overweight and obesity were 3.60% and 2.01% for all the students;the rate of overweight and obesity were4.31% and 2.82% for boy students and 2.45% and 1.52% for girl students, with significant between gender differences(P <0.05). No significant difference in overweight rate(3.35% vs.3.60%) was observed between primary and high school students but the obesity rate of primary school students was significantly higher than that of the high school students(2.25% vs.1.38%, P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in prevalence rate of overweight(3.67% vs. 3.56%) and obesity(2.28% vs. 1.85%) between the Han and minority ethnic students(both P > 0.05);there were also no significant differences in the two rates(3.50% vs. 3.65% and 2.56% vs. 1.73%) between the students from county schools and township schools(both P > 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence rate of overweight and obesity are low among primary and high school students and the rate are higher among the boy students than among the girl students in poor-stricken areas of Hainan province.