“一时之功”与“长久之计”:“坚壁清野”治盗方略的解析——以嘉庆十年(1805)两广总督那彦成的海盗治理为例

“Temporary Merit” and “Long-term Plan”:an Analysis of the Strategies of “Firming the Walls and Clearing the Wilderness”——Take Na Yancheng’s Piracy Management On the Presidency of the Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces in 1805 as an Example

嘉庆年间广东海盗势力大炽及对广东沿海地区的频繁骚扰,使得朝廷逐渐意识到东南海盗问题的严重性。嘉庆皇帝将曾是剿灭川楚白莲教动乱得力干将的那彦成任命为两广总督,期待那彦成在治理海盗问题上有所建树。到任后的那彦成将曾在剿灭川楚白莲教动乱中发挥过重要作用的"坚壁清野"方略应用在治理广东海盗的问题上,使得"坚壁清野"治盗方略得以在广东地区推广、实施。"坚壁清野"治盗方略作为清代统治危机的一时应对之策,固然可收一时之功,但绝非是解决问题的长久之计。

In 1805, the pirate Force in Guangdong Province is Increasing and Frequently harass to the Coastal Areas of Guangdong Province. The court gradually realized the seriousness of the piracy problem in Southeast China. Emperor Jiaqing appointed Na Yancheng, who had been an effective general in suppressing the rebellion of Bailian religion in Hubei and Sichuan areas, as the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi provinces. Emperor Jiaqing hoped that Na Yancheng would make some achievements in the management of piracy. After taking office, Na Yancheng used the strategy of"firming the walls and clearing the wilderness"which played an important role in suppressing the rebellion of Bailian religion in Hubei and Sichuan areas. This strategy was applied to Piratical management and popularized and implemented in Guangdong areas. As a temporary response to the Qing Dynasty’s ruling crisis, the strategy of"firming the walls and clearing the wilderness"can gain temporary success, but it is by no means a longterm solution to the problem of piracy control.