砧穗互作对越冬番茄光合作用及生长与产量的影响

Effects of rootstock-scion interaction on tomato photosynthesis, growth and yield

以不同长势的砧木和接穗嫁接番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)为试材,研究不同砧穗组合对嫁接番茄植株生长、叶绿素含量、光合特性以及叶片中蔗糖和淀粉含量变化和光合酶基因表达的影响。结果表明,砧木品种显著影响嫁接番茄Rubisco大亚基(RbcL)、Rubisco活化酶(RCA)、果糖-1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶(Ald)、转酮醇酶(TK)及核酮糖-5-磷酸激酶(PRK)基因表达,进而影响嫁接番茄叶片叶绿素含量、光合特性及光合产物的贮运,引起嫁接番茄植株的茎粗、叶面积、地上干物质量以及全株产量的显著差异。接穗的长势也对嫁接番茄植株光合酶Rubisco小亚基(RbcS)、果糖-1,6-二磷酸酶(FBPase)、景天庚酮糖-1,7-二磷酸酯酶(SBPase)基因的表达以及光合能力具有明显影响。砧木和接穗互作效应显著,共同影响嫁接番茄叶片的光合碳同化能力,并作用于嫁接番茄植株的生长发育及产量。经检测,发现在所有嫁接组合中,中等长势砧木与强长势接穗‘J8/LD’嫁接引起RCA表达量显著提高, Rubisco活性增强,提高嫁接番茄叶片的光合速率,加快碳同化代谢产物的转化效率,增强光能利用率,加速光合产物的形成与积累,促进嫁接番茄植株生长,产量增加。本文研究结果表明砧木和接穗交互作用显著影响嫁接番茄的光合作用与生长,并最终影响作物产量。

The effects of rootstock-scion selection on plant growth, chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthetic efficiency, sucrose and starch accumulation, and photosynthetic genes expression were measured. Results indicated that the rootstocks selection significantly influenced the genes expression like large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphophate carboxylase(RbcL), rubisco activating enzyme(RCA), fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase(Ald), transketolase(TK) and ribulose-5-phosphate kinase(PRK), and influenced the chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthetic efficiency and carbohydrates accumulation. In addition, rootstocks selection caused obvious change on stem diameter, leaf area, dry matter of aerial part and tomato yield. It was also revealed that scions affect genes expression, such as RbcS, FBPase and SBPase, causing plant photosynthetic change. So it was believed that rootstock and scion may influence the plant photosynthesis and fruit production cooperatively. In all scion/rootstock pairs, the J8/LD elicited a significant increase in transcription of RCA, and activity of rubisco, plant photosynthesis and carbohydrates assimilation. Thus, it is concluded that interaction between rootstock and scion affect plant growth and photosynthesis significantly, which determine the final yield of tomato.