日本老年人力资源开发法规政策及启示

Japan’s Elderly Human Resources Development Laws and Policies and Its Enlightenment

日本是世界上老龄化速度最快的国家之一。基于日本人口老龄化、少子化等基本国情,早在五六十年前,日本政府就开始关注老年人力资源开发,用积极老龄化的政策思维,不断完善鼓励老年人参与社会经济活动、保障老年人权益的相关法律政策。日本促进老年人力资源开发的法规政策可分三个层次:第一层次,通过社会养老基础制度,保障老年人的基本生活;第二层次,通过法律保障老龄劳动者的就业权利;第三层次,推进老龄劳动者职业能力开发,进一步满足老龄群体的就业需求。日本老年人力资源开发法规政策体系具有系统性、全面性的特征,既关注老年人在医疗服务、养老保障、生活环境等方面的基本需求,又针对老年人力资源开发可能遇到的就业歧视、权益保障等问题,提出具有针对性、可行性和操作性的政策措施,为老年人能够充分发挥余热、奉献社会创造了一个健全完善的社会环境。

Japan is one of the countries with the fastest aging rate in the world. Due to Japan’s basic national conditions such as aging population and less offspring, the Japanese government began to pay attention to the development of human resources for the elderly as early as 50 to 60 years ago. With the policy thinking of active aging, it has continuously improved relevant laws and policies to encourage the elderly to participate in social and economic activities and protect the rights and interests of the elderly. Japan’s laws and policies to promote the development of human resources for the elderly can be divided into three levels: the first level is to protect the basic life of the elderly through the basic social pension system. The second level is to protect the employment rights of elderly workers through laws. The third level is to promote the development of the professional ability of the aged workers and further meet the employment needs of the aged. Japan’s law and policy system for the development of human resources for the elderly is systematic and comprehensive. It does not only pay attention to the basic needs of the elderly in terms of medical services, old-age security and living environment, but also puts forward targeted, feasible and operational policies and measures aiming at the employment discrimination, rights and interests protection and other problems that may be encountered in the development of human resources for the elderly, thus creating a sound and perfect social environment for the elderly to give full play to their residual heat and contribute to society.