设区的市立法与民间规范:经验、理论及其解析——基于东中西部三省设区的市立法的比较分析

Municipal Legislation and Folk Norms of Districts:Experience,Theory and Analysis——Comparative Analysis of Municipal Legislation Based on the Three Provinces of the East,the Central and the West

新修改的我国《立法法》规定,设区的市的人民代表大会及其常务委员会可以根据本市的具体情况和实际需要进行立法。实证研究表明,我国各设区的市已经启动了地方性立法;但立法内容在东部、中部和西部省份有所差异。从应然的层面来看,设区的市立法的"地方性"需要源于"法律作为地方性知识"理论;从实然层面来看,基于"地方性"要求,设区的市立法需要考虑制定保护本地资源的法律、诸多有特色的管理行为或者能够对特殊情况进行保护。整体上看,我国设区的市立法对于民间规范的态度比较淡漠,这需要从大陆法系传统、民间规范的特殊性和适用范围以及立法技术等方面进行反思。实践考察与理论反思表明,设区的市立法可以充分吸收、改造或者借鉴民间规范,以体现设区的市立法的"地方性"。

The newly amended Legislative Law stipulates that the people’s congresses and their standing committees of municipalities with districts may enact legislation in accordance with the specific circumstances and actual needs of the city. The empirical study shows that the cities in each district of our country have already started the local legislation,but the main legislative contents are different among the cities in the eastern,central and western provinces. From the point of view of what should be done,the "local"of the municipal legislation of the district needs to be derived from "the place of the law". From the practical point of view,based on the "local"requirements,the municipal legislation of the district needs to consider the formulation of laws to protect local resources,a lot of characteristic management behavior or can protect the special circumstances. On the whole,the municipal legislation of our country is indifferent to the folk norms,which needs to reflect on the tradition of the civil law system,the particularity and scope of application of the folk norms and the legislative technology. The practical investigation and theoretical reflection show that the municipal legislation of the district can fully absorb,transform or draw lessons from the folk norms,thus reflecting the "local"of the municipal legislation of the district.