冷战视角下美国志愿组织与亚洲女性身份意识的塑造(1949—1969)

An Analysis of the American Voluntary Organizations and the Shaping of Asian Female Identity from the Cold-War Perspective(1949-1969)

文章以美国女性志愿组织在亚洲开展的以女性为目标群体的文化和社会项目为线索,尝试探讨美国官方界定下的"两种生活方式"之争在亚洲地区的具体体现和实施路径,分析冷战对美国女性志愿组织的影响、这些组织在亚洲开展的相关冷战活动及其对亚洲女性现代身份意识的可能塑造。文章倾向于认为,美国官私组织对亚洲女性生活的介入带有明显的冷战意图和新殖民主义特征,但不可否认的是,两大阵营从不同方向上对女性主义(女性解放)的倡导,客观上有助于亚洲女性权力意识的觉醒。更重要的是,作为一种跨国活动,女性项目和相关女权运动中蕴含的能动因素不仅影响了亚洲女性,还反过来对美国女性主义自身施加了积极的影响。

This article takes the cultural and social projects implemented by American voluntary organizations towards women groups in Asia as data to explore the embodiment of the so-called"two ways of life"confrontation in this region,to analyze the impact of the Cold War on these organizations themselves,and to evaluate the essence of the Cold War related activities carried out by these voluntary organizations and its connection with the possible shaping of Asian women’s modern identity. This article holds the involvement of the US official and private organizations in Asian women ’ s lives has obvious Cold War intentions and neo-colonialist characteristics.Nevertheless,it is undeniable that the advocacy of feminism( or women liberation) from different directions by the two blocs objectively contributes to the awakening of Asian women’s consciousness. More importantly,as a kind of transnational activity,the dynamic elements contained in these women projects and related feminist movements not only affect Asian women,but also have a positive impact on American feminist movement itself.