宋人贡庄记论略

Study on Articles about Gong Zhuang in Song Dynasty

贡庄是宋人为资助科举考生赴试而设立的庄园,见于文献资料的贡庄都建于南宋。宋代贡庄记现存16篇,另有2篇赆送规约记,其性质与贡庄记完全相同,归并一起讨论。南宋只剩下半壁江山,科举录取名额甚至有所增加,意味着各地通过发解试士人数量的成倍增加,士人赴京考试的费用问题就凸显出来了,贡士庄由此产生。贡庄记内容大致为表彰地方官之教育文化建设政绩,追述当地教育文化历史,展望当地教育和科举之前景,讨论地方为政之道和介绍当地读书风气。贡庄记作者大多是科举出身,是科举制的实践者和受益者,他们对科举制度有很大的认同感。另有"贡士规约记",其写作模式与贡庄记完全一样,只是文章之后附有贡庄收益分配规约。从写作角度观察,宋代贡庄记具有典雅的语言风格,常用对话式结构。

Gong Zhuang,an organization providing educational subsidy for imperial examination candidates,could be seen in the literatures of Southern Song dynasty.16 articles concerning Gong Zhuang of Song dynasty are passed down.Two pieces about regulations of giving farewell treasures have identical characters with Gong Zhuang articles so they could be discussed together.Compared with Northern Song dynasty,half of the territory was lost in Southern Song dynasty,however,the admission number of imperial examination increased.In other words,the number of people who passed regional examination multiplied.The travelling expense became a burden for examinee who had to head for capital.As a result,Gong Zhuang were set up.The contents of Gong Zhuang articles are mainly for commending the achievements of local officials in educational and cultural construction,recounting the history of local education and culture,looking forward to the prospect of local education and imperial examination,discussing the way of local government and introducing local education atmosphere.Most of the authors of Gong Zhuang articles were the practitioners and beneficiaries of the imperial examination system,and they had a great sense of identity with it.In addition,"Regulations of Gong Shi",of which writing mode is exactly the same as that of Gong Zhuang articles,only the former is followed by the income distribution regulations of Gong Zhuang.As for writing features,the language style of Gong Zhuang article is elegant,and it usually uses conversational structure.