规范行使国家监察权:讯问制度的微观塑造

The Beginning of Standardizing State Supervisory Power Performance:The Micro-shaping of Interrogation System

讯问是指侦查或调查人员依照法定程序以言词方式向犯罪嫌疑人或被调查人查问案件事实和其他与案件有关情况的侦查行为。讯问存在实践必要性,也具有认知错误、权利侵犯和价值偏差的风险。讯问规范主要是权利抗衡和分权制约。权利抗衡集中在打破讯问人员"绝对优势",塑造平等对话的"权利-权力"格局。现代社会普遍适用的侦查、起诉和审判相互分立与制约的模式,是司法领域分权制约的基本形式。事实上,监察委员会对讯问功能定位和讯问要素把控具有较大自由度,分权制约也难以突破结构性认同和封闭式设置。应在监察委员会内部建立起既涵盖讯问运行全过程,又兼容调查人员讯问活动的细密讯问流程,并通过对讯问动态的控制,实现讯问规范化和法治化。

Interrogation refers to the investigation behavior that investigators or investigators investigate the facts of a case and other circumstances related to the case to the criminal suspect or the investigated person by means of words in accordance with legal procedures.Interrogation is necessary in practice,but also has the risk of cognitive error,right infringement and value deviation.The standard of interrogation is mainly the right balance and the separation of powers.The right counterbalance focuses on breaking the“absolute advantage”of interrogators and shaping the"right-power"pattern of equal dialogue.The mode of separation and restriction of investigation,prosecution and trial,which is widely used in modern society,is the basic form of decentralization and restriction in the judicial field.In fact,the supervisory commission has more freedom to control the function orientation and elements of interrogation,and it is difficult to break through the structural identity and closed setting of decentralization.It is necessary to establish a detailed interrogation process which covers the whole process of interrogation operation and is compatible with the interrogation activities of investigators within the supervisory commission,and realize the standardization and legalization of interrogation through the control of interrogation dynamics.