从周恩来访问非洲十国看中国外交政策的调整

Analysis of the Adjustment of China’s Foreign Policy from Zhou Enlai’s Visits of Ten African Countries

1963年末到1964年初,周恩来出访非洲十国。本文通过考察周恩来出访的时机与目的,分析周恩来访非的核心议题,探讨20世纪60年代初期中国外交政策调整的动因与效果。周恩来访非期间,重点与各国领导人解释了中国对三国条约的态度、在中印边界冲突后的立场及中法建交问题。这次出访是中国领导人第一次访问非洲,其目的在于支持非洲的民族解放运动,增进中非友谊,扩大中国国际影响。审视周恩来访非与中国外交政策调整的关系,可以得出以下结论:第一,周恩来访非是一次战略性访问,反映了这一时期中国外交政策调整从理论创新到制度设计再到实践验证的逐步深化过程;第二,周恩来出访非洲的主要动因,不是来自外部压力,而是来自于内部的外交政策调整;第三,从实际效果看,以这次出访为标志,中国外交成功实现调整,推动了新中国第二次建交高潮的到来。

Zhou Enlai visited ten African countries from the end of 1963 to early 1964.This article analyzes the key topics of those visits and discusses the dynamics and effects of the policy adjustment of China in the 1960 s.During his visits in Africa,Zhou Enlai expressed China’s attitude to the Partial Test Ban Treaty,standpoint to the border conflict between China and India and issues about the establishment of diplomatic relation between China and France.That was the first time that the Chinese leader visited Africa,whose aim was to support African national liberation movement,promote Sino-African friendship and expand China’s international influence.By studying the connection between Zhou Enlai’s visits of Africa and adjustment of China’s foreign policy,the author concludes four points:those visits were out of diplomatic strategy which reflected China’s foreign policy adjustment from theoretical innovation to system design and practice verification;the motivation of visit was from the internal foreign policy adjustment instead of from external pressure;those visits marked the successful adjustment of China’s foreign policy and accelerated the second climax of diplomatic relations of China.