日本大规模行政机构改革再评价

Re-evaluation of the Institutional Restructuring from 1998 to 2001 in Japan

1998-2001年间,日本举行了一场大规模行政机构改革。这场改革以应对泡沫经济破灭危机和追求"政治大国化"为主旨,在中央行政组织体制重组、强化内阁的决策与综合协调职能、创设独立行政法人制度三个方面展开。时隔20年,我们回顾总结这场改革,可以发现:日本行政组织体制全面重组改革是成功的,但还存在"独联体"融合和形成合力的问题;强化内阁决策与综合协调职能改革成效显著,同时出现职能部门活力锐减现象;事业机构独立行政法人化改革整体上提高了社会公益服务提供效能,但国立大学法人化改革产生了科技竞争力下降的严重后果。这些都为我国治理体系和治理能力现代化提供了可资借鉴的参照。

From 1998 to 2001,Japan undertook a major reform of its administrative structure. After a gap of 20 years,we review the reform and find: the Japanese got good results from the reform while the problems are existing,such as there are still "CIS" problems,the vitality of functional departments has decreased sharply,and the national universities get declining scientific and technological competitiveness. All these provide a reference for our country’s governance system.