法律经济学视野中的“违法必究”——从伦敦警方拒受“低级别案件”切入

The "Law-Breakers Must be Prosecuted" in the Field of Law and Economics

英国伦敦警方于2017年宣布放弃调查一部分"低级别案件"的声明挑战了"违法必究"的执法原则。受预算约束、案件多发以及侦破困境等许多因素的约束,这种做法在其他国家(包括中国)普遍存在,只是诉诸隐蔽的方式。虽然最优威慑模型能够为适度的"违法不究"提供充足的经济学依据,但来自社会心理及意识形态的压力却决定了"违法必究"作为执法原则仍难以被彻底摒弃。认识到法律原则在真实世界中的复杂性,是平衡理念与实践的先决条件。

In 2017,the London police announced that they would abandon some investigations of"small-amount cases",which challenges the common sense of"law-breakers must be prosecuted".However,this practice is not unusual.It is common in other countries(including China)which just resorted to covert ways.This is caused by many factors such as budget constraints,multiple cases,and the detection of dilemmas.Although the optimal deterrence model can provide sufficient economic basis for moderate level of"law-breakers must be prosecuted",the pressure from social psychology and ideology determines that law enforcement principle is still difficult to be completely abandoned.Recognizing the complexity of legal principles in the real world is a prerequisite for balancing ideas and practices.