宏观速度对适应系数的影响规律研究

Effect of macroscopic velocity on accommodation coefficients based on the molecular dynamics method

适应系数是稀薄气体动力学中的重要参数,反映了气体分子与固体表面的动量和能量适应程度,常常用于稀薄气体数值模拟的边界条件中.本文构建了单个气体分子Ar与金属Pt表面相互作用的物理模型,通过Phontom模型来构造固体壁面以反映真实物理特性.采用分子动力学方法模拟了气体分子在固体表面的碰撞过程,通过速度抽样使得入射气体具有宏观速度特征,根据入射前和反射后气体分子的平均动量和能量计算出切向动量适应系数、法向动量适应系数和能量适应系数,分别在光滑和粗糙表面下分析了适应系数随宏观切向速度和宏观法向速度的变化规律.结果显示,适应系数对于气体的宏观速度和表面粗糙度均表现出了很强的相关性.切向速度的增大使得气体分子与表面的作用时间缩短,适应系数减小,对于气固适应有消极的作用.当切向速度较大时会发生动量由切向向法向转移的情况.法向速度的增大对于光滑表面而言有助于气体分子与表面的动量和能量适应,对于粗糙表面而言却呈现相反的规律.

The accommodation coefficient is an important parameter in the field of rarefied gas dynamics,representing the adaptation level of the momentum and energy between gas molecules and solid surfaces,which is frequently used in the boundary conditions of numerical simulation of rarefied gas flow.In this paper,a physical model of the interaction between a single gas molecule Ar and the metal Pt surface is constructed,which greatly saves computational resources by omitting the collision between gas molecules in the bulk flow.The Pt surface is constructed by the Phontom model to reflect real physical properties.The surface roughness is modeled by a typical pyramid model,which is physically realistic and stable in structure.The molecular dynamics method is used to simulate the collision process of the gas molecules on the solid surface.The velocity sampling method is used so that the incident gas molecules possess the characteristics of macroscopic velocity.According to the average momentum and energy of the gas molecules before incidence and after reflection,the tangential momentum accommodation coefficients(TMACs),the normal momentum accommodation coefficients(NMACs)and the energy accommodation coefficients(EACs)are obtained.Moreover,the variation regularities of the accommodation coefficients with the macroscopic tangential velocity and the macroscopic normal velocity are analyzed under the smooth and rough surface,respectively.The results indicate that the accommodation coefficients have a strong correlation to macroscopic velocity and roughness.The increase of tangential velocity shortens the interaction time of gas molecules with solid surface,which results in the decrease of TMAC,NMAC and EAC of gas molecules,indicating that the tangential velocity has a negative effect on gas-solid adaptation.In addition,the momentum is found to be transformed from the tangential direction to the normal direction at a large tangential velocity,and this transformation tendency becomes more apparent as the tangential velocity increases.However,the influence of normal velocity on the momentum and energy accommodation coefficient is different.With regard to the smooth surface,the increase of normal velocity contributes to the tangential momentum and energy adaptation of gas molecules with the surface.While for the rough surface,the adaptation level of tangential momentum and energy between gas molecules and the surface is weakened as the normal velocity increases.This paper reveals the mechanism of gas molecules scattering on the surface from a microscopic point of view,which is quite different from the macroscopic phenomena.The conclusions of this paper indicate the irrationality of traditional scattering kernel models to represent the degree of accommodation through constant values,which is of great significance for the improvement of boundary conditions in rarefied gas flows.