集体化时代农村研究的思考与实践

Research on the Contemplation and Exploration of Rural Community Studies in the Collectivization Era

集体化时代是中国共产党在抗日根据地推行互助组到人民公社体制结束的时代。山西堪称集体化的典型和缩影,开展以山西为中心的集体化时代农村社会研究,可以在很大程度上反映那个时代中国农村社会的变迁逻辑和历史特征。多年的研究经验显示,开展集体化时代农村社会研究,首先需要进行一场资料革命,在掌握和解读基层农村档案的基础上最大限度地"把历史的内容还给历史";就视角而言,自下而上的社会史视野应是我们研究集体化时代中国农村社会的基本立场;从方法来说,"优先与人类学对话"是我们进行集体化时代农村社会研究的基本主张。集体化时代农村研究在"走向田野与社会"的治史理念下,未来应该有更为广阔的学术空间。

Collectivization was the era when Chinese communist party carried out mutual assistance group in the base area to the end of the people’s commune system. Shanxi can be regarded as a typical and epitome of collectivization. The research on rural society in collectivization era centering on Shanxi can,to a large extent,reflect the logic and historical characteristics of the change of rural society in China in that era. Years of research experience shows that to carry out the study of rural society in the era of collectivization,a data revolution should be carried out first. From the perspective of social history,the bottom-up view of social history should be the basic standpoint for us to study the rural society of China in the era of collectivization. In terms of methods,"priority to communicate with anthropology" is our basic proposition in rural social studies in the era of collectivization. Rural studies in collectivization era should have a broader academic space in the future under the historical concept of "Toward the field and society".