战争、和平与宪法共识

War,Peace and Constitutional Consensus

从宪法与战争的历史来看,早期宪法主要强调对国内和平秩序的维护,具有很强的地域属性,因此无法完全避免国与国之间的战争。实践证明,宪法对和平理念的规定,并不足以防止战争的爆发,甚至曾为法西斯政权提供了形式上的合法性。第二次世界大战后,国际社会呼唤和平,期待以宪法共识有效消解民族主义与立宪主义的张力,建构基于和平的国际秩序。在信息化、全球化时代,和平秩序的维护成为国际社会的基本共识与宪法共识。特别是在面对着新的技术革命时,宪法要控制科技的非理性,降低战争的风险,使科技的发展遵循“造福人类”的宗旨,以推动人类和平事业的发展。

The history of constitution and war shows that early constitutions mainly emphasized the maintenance of domestic peace and order.As such,they had very strong territorial attribute and were unable to completely prevent wars between nations.It has been proven by practice that constitutional provisions on peace are not enough to prevent the outbreak of wars and could even provide formal legitimacy to fascist powers.After the World War II,the international community called for peace and hoped that constitutional consensus would be able to ease the tension between nationalism and constitutionalism and construct an international order based on peace.In the age of informatization and globalization,the maintenance of peace and order has become a basic consensus as well as a constitutional consensus of the international community.Especially faced with new technological revolution,constitutions should be able to contain the irrationality of science and technology,reduce the risk of war,and ensure that the development of science and technology benefits mankind and promotes peace.