扎根理论方法论在国内图情领域的应用及其反思

The Application and Reflection of Grounded Theory Methodology in The Field of LIS in China

扎根理论方法论(GTM)作为三大定性研究方法之一,近年来得到图情学者持续上升的关注。文章通过对国内111篇应用GTM的实证研究论文的内容分析,对研究样本的文献回顾方式、数据收集、抽样方法、编码程序、研究贡献形式及其与程序运用之间的关系等进行分析,得出结论:GTM在不同研究情境中呈现出灵活性,但在使用前提和文献回顾方式、抽样方法、核心编码程序及其与其他方法的区别上均存在不同程度的错用、误解,其学派之争是扎根理论应用误解的根源;GTM应用对知识的贡献以"现象描述"和"理论模型"为主,贡献的形式与研究目的、研究情境、GTM程序的运用相关。应纠正当前国内图书情报领域对于GTM的认知偏差,理解GTM的适用性和使用前提,规范研究程序的表述,重视研究证据的呈现、编码过程中概念和范畴的凝练,厘清GTM与其他研究方法的关系,根据研究目的或研究情境灵活选择GTM程序,加强研究结果与相关研究的比较分析,从而得出更具解释力的理论(模型)。

Grounded theory,as one of the three qualitative research methods,has received increasing attention from LIS scholars in recent years.Through content analysis to 111 empirical papers on the application of GTM in LIS,we have studied the way of literature review,data collection,sampling method,coding procedures,forms of research contribution and the relationship between research contribution and the application of research procedures.The conclusion are as follows:though GTM studies show flexibility in the different context,there are different degrees of misuse and misunderstanding in the use of the premise and the way of literature review,sampling method,the core coding program and its differences from other methods,and the dispute between different schools of thought is the root of GTM application misunderstanding;the contribution to knowledge is mainly "phenomenon description" and "theoretical model",and the form of contribution is related to the research purpose,research context and application of GTM program.The paper proposes some suggestions:to correct LIS scholars’ cognitive biases about GTM application in China;to understand the applicability and premise condition of the GTM;to standardize the expression of the research procedure;to attach great importance to the presentation of research evidence and the refinement of concepts and categories in coding process;to clarify the relationship between GTM research and other research methods;to choose GTM research program flexibly according to the research purpose or context,and to strengthen comparative analysis of the related studies in order to draw more explanatory theory(model).