幸福度感知、生活水平位置感知与流动人口的留城定居意愿

Happiness Perception, Living Standard Location Perception and Residence Willingness of Migrant Population

流动人口留城定居是加快推进我国城镇化进程的重要方式。采用Probit和Ordered Probit模型,从多个维度和指标考察流动人口留城定居意愿的影响因素,并着重探讨家庭特征与心理感知相结合对其留城定居意愿的作用机制,研究发现:流动人口的个人收入对其留城意愿没有直接影响,流动人口的心理感知对其留城意愿有显著正向影响;不过,个人收入可以通过影响心理感知间接影响其留城定居意愿。流动人口的心理感知对其留城定居意愿具有的直接与间接影响机制,表明流动人口的城市融合程度与心理感知程度已经成为一种重要的影响因素,在推进流动人口市民化的过程中,应当充分重视这一因素。此外,城市人口规模变量对流动人口定居意愿的影响并不稳健,但是我们将不同级别的城市纳入模型分析,发现在特大城市与大城市中,人口规模对于流动人口的留城定居意愿有负面影响。其原因可能是在现行户籍制度下,高等级城市向流动人口提供的公共服务不足,影响了流动人口的幸福感与城市融入感。

Floating population living in cities is an important way to accelerate the process of urbanization in China. The Probit and Ordered Probit models were used to investigate the influencing factors of floating population’s willingness to stay and settle in cities from multiple dimensions and indicators, and the mechanism of the combination of family characteristics and psychological perception on their willingness to stay and settle in cities was emphatically discussed. Different from the existing studies, it is found that the personal income of the floating population has no direct impact on their willingness to stay in the city, and the psychological perception of the floating population has a significant positive impact on their willingness to stay in the city. However, personal income can indirectly affect their willingness to stay in cities by affecting their psychological perception. The direct and indirect influence mechanism of the floating population’s psychological perception on their willingness to stay in cities indicates that the degree of urban integration and psychological perception of the floating population has become an important influence factor, which should be fully paid attention to in the process of promoting the citizenization of the population. In addition, city size is included in the model analysis, and it is found that in megacities and large cities, population size has a negative impact on the willingness of floating population to stay and settle down in cities. It is concluded that under the current household registration system, the public services provided by high-level cities to the floating population are insufficient, which affects the floating population’s sense of happiness and urban integration.