防卫限度认定的司法困境及解决出路

Judicial Dilemma and Solution to the Determination of Defense Limits

司法实践对正当防卫的限度条件存在"唯结果论"的处理方式、"手段对等"的思维模式与"圣人标准"的义务要求,严重限缩了正当防卫成立的空间。究其原因,在于司法机关误解了正当防卫的正当化依据,忽视了防卫者的优越地位,并且拔高了定纷止争的目的导向。为克服上述问题,必须建立从行为到结果的思维模式,进行双重判断;以防卫者的利益为中心判断行为限度;在尊崇公平正义的法律效果基础上兼顾社会效果,实现有机统一。

In the judicial practice,the grasp of the limits of legitimate defense is so strict there that are"only results"approach,the"equal means"thinking mode and the"sage standard"obligations,severely limiting the establishment of legitimate defense space.The reason is that the judicial authorities misunderstood the justification of legitimate defense,neglected the superior status of the defenders,and raised the purpose of the fixed-term struggle.In order to overcome the above problems,it is necessary to establish a thinking mode from behavior to result,to make double judgments;to judge the limits of behaviors based on the interests of defenders;to take into account the social effects and achieve organic unity on the basis of respecting the legal effects of fairness and justice.