汉-英二语者英语规则过去式的加工特点及其实质

The Characteristics of Processing English Regular Past Tense of Chinese-English Bilinguals

通过两个实验,探讨了汉-英二语者英语规则动词过去式的加工特点以及二语熟练度和词频的可能影响。被试为较高与较低英语熟练水平的中国大学生。实验1采用词对启动范式,分为三种启动条件:动词原型启动、过去式启动和无关词启动。实验任务是判断靶子词是否为真词。实验2采用单词启动句子的范式,三种启动条件与实验1相同。通过操纵包括正确与错误的规则动词过去式的英语简单句,完成判断句子是否正确这样的实验任务。结果发现,无论单词判断水平还是句子理解水平,无论二语熟练度的高低,汉-英二语者对规则动词过去式的加工均存在频率效应,加工速度提高和加工准确性均随着二语熟练度的提高而显著提高,启动反应与母语者明显不同。这表明中国二语者对英语规则动词过去式的加工不同于母语者,汉-英二语者对规则动词过去式的加工是在整词存储的基础上进行的,其贮存与加工均发生于陈述性记忆系统。

With two experiments,this paper explores the processing characteristics of English verb past tense form in Chinese-English learners and the possible influence of second language proficiency and word frequency.Subjects are grouped into high and low English proficiency level.Experiment 1 adopts word-pair priming paradigm,including three kinds of priming conditions:verb prototype priming,past-tense-form priming and unrelated words priming.Subjects are required to judge whether the target word is a true word.Experiment 2 investigates the processing of verbs of past tense form under sentence conditions and three kinds of priming conditions are similar to those in Experiment 1.By manipulating English simple sentences including correct and incorrect verb past tense form,subjects are required to complete judgment whether sentences are correct.The results indicate that in both words judgment level and the level of sentence judgment,word frequency can be observed in Chinese-English learners with different L2 proficiency.Processing speed and processing accuracy significantly increases with the improvement of L2 proficiency,and priming reaction is obviously different from native speakers,indicating that Chinese-English learners are different from native English speakers in processing past forms of English regular verbs:Chinese-English learners process the past forms of regular verbs on the basis of whole-word storage,whose storage and processing takes place in the declarative memory system.