“内边”视野下清前期经营云南边疆的理念与实践

The Idea and Practice of the Pre-Qing Operation of the Yunnan Borders in the View of the “Inner and Border”

受传统“天下观”的影响,清朝延续了传统理念中对“天下”的主导及“天下一家”的观念。但清前期统治者已有了“中国”意识,即在云南边疆民族地区的经营实践表现了其天下“内边”的视野。在对云南边疆民族地区地缘政治的认识上,清前期统治者有“分疆定界”与“叛则讨之”的疆域思维与经营理念;并在“中国之内地”与“边疆蛮夷”的认知基础上,在云南边疆民族地区推行“文教合一”与“慎固边陲”的实践举措,既加快了云南边疆内地化的进程,又统筹了云南地方“夷”“边”等特殊性,使云南边疆较好发挥“西南之屏藩”与“中国之门户”的作用。

Under the influence of the traditional“view of the world”,the Qing Dynasty continued the traditional concept of“the world”and the concept of“One family in the world”.However,in the early Qing Dynasty,the rulers already had the consciousness of“China”,that is,the management practice in the border minority areas of Yunnan showed the vision of“inside”in the world.In the understanding of the geopolitics of Yunnan frontier minority areas,the rulers in the early Qing Dynasty had the thinking and managing idea of“dividing the border area and demarcating the border”and“reneging on it”.On the basis of the cognition of“mainland of China”and“border barbarian”,the practical measures of“integration of culture and education”and“careful consolidation of border”were carried out in the frontier ethnic areas Yunnan,which not only accelerated the process of localization in Yunnan frontier,but also coordinated the particularity of Yunnan local“Yi”and“border”,so that Yunnan border areas could give full play to the role of“screens and hedges in southwest”and“China’s gateway”.