氟啶胺在大葱和小葱上的残留与安全性评价

Residues and Safety Evaluation of Fluazinam in Green Chinese Onion(Allium fistulosum L. var. giganteum Makion) and Shallot(Allium ascalonicum)

为了明确氟啶胺在大葱和小葱上使用后的消解趋势和残留情况,2017年在北京、山东、内蒙古、江苏、四川和宁夏开展了氟啶胺39.5%(体积分数)悬浮剂在葱上的消解动态和最终残留试验。样品用乙腈提取,采用N-丙基乙二胺、石墨化炭黑和十八烷基碳混合分散吸附剂净化,通过超高效液相色谱分离、三重四极杆串联质谱检测,外标法定量进行氟啶胺残留与安全性评价。结果表明:氟啶胺在大葱上的降解半衰期为1.2 d,在小葱上的降解半衰期为8.7 d;在大葱上的最终残留量为<0.010~0.308 mg/kg;小葱上的最终残留量为0.100~5.738 mg/kg。中国未制定氟啶胺在大葱和小葱上的食品安全限量标准,欧盟、日本、韩国规定氟啶胺在葱上的最大允许残留限量标准分别为0.01、0.1、3.0 mg/kg。参照欧盟和日本的食品安全限量标准,氟啶胺在我国大葱和小葱上的残留量不安全。中国应加快制定氟啶胺在大葱和小葱上的食品安全限量标准,本研究为氟啶胺在葱上的安全使用和食品安全限量标准制定提供支持。

To ascertain the dissipation and residues of fluazinam in green Chinese onion(Allium fistulosum L. var. giganteum Makion) and shallot(Allium ascalonicum), six independent field trials with 39.5%(V/V) fluazinam suspension were conducted during the crop year of 2017 in Beijing, Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Jiangsu, Sichuan and Ningxia of China. Fluazinam was extracted from samples with acetonitrile and subsequently cleaned-up with primary secondary amine, graphite carbon and octadecyl carbon sorbents prior to analysis by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS-MS). The quantification was performed by the external standard method. The results showed that the half-lives of fluazinam in green Chinese onion and shallot were 1.2 and 8.7 d, respectively. The final residues of fluazinam in them were < 0.010–0.308 and 0.100–5.738 mg/kg, respectively. There is no maximum residue limit(MRL) established in China for fluazinam in green Chinese onion and shallot. The MRLs set by Europe, Japan and Korea are 0.01, 0.1 and 3.0 mg/kg, respectively. According to the MRLs of Europe and Japan, the residues of fluazinam in green Chinese onion and shallot were unsafe. In this context, China should speed up the formulation of MRLs for fluazinam in green Chinese onion and shallot. This work will be useful for developing MRLs for fluazinam and ensuring the safe application of fluazinam in the future.