源流互质视野下的董仲舒及汉代《春秋》观

Dong Zhongshu and the Views of the Spring and Autumn Annals in the Han Dynasty: A Dialectical Approach to the Study of Origin and Development

西汉《春秋》学有以下几个特征:神化孔子作《春秋》,为汉代政治合法性服务;以《春秋》经世,为汉代政治和改制提供蓝图和具体指导;《春秋》流为史学,为后世的历史书写提供了较为成熟的范式、体例。通过以章学诚提出的源流互质的方法来对以董仲舒为代表的汉人经学观和史学观进行研究,辨析其学术思想的特征发现,相对于章学诚对于政治性阐释的审慎和更加关注“《春秋》经世”或“《春秋》家学”的史学意义,汉儒对“《春秋》经世”的理解带有很强儒学政治化的色彩,其学术形态和政治形势有着千丝万缕的勾连。

The study of the Spring and Autumn Annals in the Western Han Dynasty has the following characteristics:deifying Confucius’writing the Spring and Autumn Annals so as to serve the political legitimacy of the Han Dynasty;taking the theory of governing state affairs in the Spring and Autumn Annals as the blueprint and concrete guide for the politics and system restructuring of the Han Dynasty;the Spring and Autumn Annals being historiography to provide a more mature paradigm and style for the later writing of history.This paper,taking Zhang Xuecheng’s dialectical approach to the study of origin and development,studies the views of classics as well as the views of history in the Han Dynasty represented by Dong Zhongshu,and analyzes the different characteristics of their academic thoughts.It finds that,compared with the historical significance of Zhang Xuecheng’s prudence of political interpretation and more attention to the views that the Spring and Autumn Annals is a work for administering state affairs or the views that it is one for imparting from father to son,the Confucians’understanding of the views that the Spring and Autumn Annals is a work for administering state affairs in the Han Dynasty has a strong political color of Confucianism,and its academic form and political situation are inextricably linked.