董仲舒“祥瑞”思想的美学诠释

The Aesthetic Interpretation of Dong Zhongshu’s Thought of “Propitious Omen”

“祥瑞”是董仲舒“天人感应”体系中的一个交接点,具有丰富的美学阐释空间。首先,就自身来看,“祥瑞”的自然性使其与人文性的“图谶”和“符箓”有别,它的强自然可感性使得形象思维发达的古人得以亲切接近并赋予其象征意义;然后,就基础来看,董仲舒系统阐述的以“气”为介质的“天人感应”哲学体系是“祥瑞”得以成立的哲学基础;最后,就宏观来看,“祥瑞”的产生与汉代国家政治有着密切联系,它为服务汉代大一统政治而产生,并广泛地体现在有汉以来的文学艺术作品中。

“Propitious omen”is a connection in Dong Zhongshu’s system of“telepathy between Heaven and man”,and it can be greatly interpreted esthetically.Firstly,in terms of“propitious omen”itself,its naturalness makes it different from the humanity of“tuchen”(veiled allusions or prophesy)and“fulu”(a figure or line drawn by a Taoist wizard to serve ghosts and gods and to ward off evil spirits)and its strong sensibility of nature makes the ancient people with developed thinking in images close to it in a kind way and give it symbolic meaning.Secondly,in terms of foundation,the philosophical system of the telepathy between Heaven and man,which takes“qi”as a medium and is elaborated by Dong Zhongshu systematically,is the philosophical foundation for“propitious omen”to hold water.Finally,on the macro level,the emergence of“propitious omen”is closely related to the politics of the Han Dynasty.It is aimed to serving the unification of politics of the Han Dynasty,and it is widely reflected in the literary and artistic works since the Han Dynasty.