朱熹视野中的道统传承——以《孟子集注》为中心

Zhu Xi’s View of the Inheritance of Confucian Orthodoxy in Collected Annotations on The Mencius

《孟子集注》中虽未明确提及“道统”二字,但道统仍然是其中的主线。道统指道的传承系统,包括人物、文本两方面,并依靠语言文字实现传承。朱熹主要通过引用二程的方式,在《孟子序说》和全书结尾论述了道统思想。《孟子序说》从孟子知《易》与《春秋》证明孟子承接道统,并将孟子传道统的贡献总结为“距杨墨”、性善论、养气说三点。朱熹论证孟子传道统的同时,不仅排斥了儒家以外的异端思想,还整理了儒家内部的学说,贬低荀子与汉唐诸儒,推尊孟子和二程。结尾征引《明道先生墓表》强调传承道学是实现善治的基础,肯定二程上承孟子而传道统,并期望后人能承接道统之传,起到首尾呼应、继往开来的作用。

Although“Confucian orthodoxy”is not explicitly mentioned in Collected Annotations on The Mencius,it is still the main line.Confucian orthodoxy is the inheritance system of Confucianism,including characters and texts,which are inherited by language.Zhu Xi mainly discusses Confucian orthodoxy in The Preface of The Mencius and the end of Collected Annotations on The Mencius by citing Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi’s ideas.In The Preface of The Mencius,Zhu Xi illustrates Mencius’inheritance of Confucian orthodoxy by his understanding of The Book of Changes and The Spring and Autumn Annals and sums up Mencius’s contribution to the inheritance of Confucian orthodoxy as rejection of Yang Zhu and Mo Di’s theory,the theory of good nature and the theory of nourishing qi.While Zhu Xi illustrates Mencius’inheritance of Confucian orthodoxy,he not only rejects heresy of Confucianism,but also sorts out its doctrines.He belittles Xun Zi and the Confucians of the Han and Tang Dynasties,but praises Mencius,Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi.At the end of the book,he quotes from The Gravestone of Mr.Ming Dao to emphasize that the inheritance of Confucian orthodoxy is the foundation for good governance and to affirm that Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi’s inheritance of Mencius and Confucian orthodoxy,hoping that the later generations can inherit Confucian orthodoxy and play the role of echoing the past and opening up the future.