几种高山杜鹃花播种基质研究

Study on Sowing Substrate of Several Alpine Rhododendrons

[目的]筛选5种高山杜鹃(美容杜鹃Rhododendron calophytum Franch、多鳞杜鹃R.polylepis Franch、银叶杜鹃R.argyrophyllum Franch.、繁花杜鹃R.floribundum Franch.、绒毛杜鹃R.pachytrichum Franch.)种子繁殖的最佳播种基质。[方法]将自然干燥的种子置于4℃冰箱中保存,并选取常用的3种基质(腐殖土、农田土和沙土),以发芽率、成苗率、保存率及幼苗生长指标(高度、叶片数量、地径和叶片长宽)为评价指标,研究不同播种基质对几种高山杜鹃种子繁殖的影响。[结果]5种杜鹃种子的发芽率以腐殖土中的最高,分别为73.33%、68.56%、65.46%、69.01%、70.67%,且显著高于其他2种基质;对杜鹃种子成苗率来说,腐殖土中表现最好,且显著高于其他2种基质;而杜鹃幼苗的保存率虽以腐殖土为最高,但与其他基质差异不明显;就杜鹃幼苗的生长特性而言,腐殖土的表现为最佳,且显著优于其他2种基质。[结论]综合所有指标评价得出,腐殖土可作为5种高山杜鹃种子播种繁殖的最佳基质。

[Objective]To screen out the best seeding substrate for five kinds of alpine Rhododendrons(Rhododendron calophytum Franch,R.polylepis Franch,R.argyrophyllum Franch.,R.floribundum Franch.,R.pachytrichum Franch.)seed breeding.[Method]The naturally dried seeds were stored in a refrigerator at 4℃,and three commonly used substrates(humus soil,farm soil and sand)were selected,with germination rate,seedling rate,preservation rate and seedling growth index(height,number of leaves,ground diameter and length and width of the leaves)were used as evaluation indicators to study the effects of different substrates on the seed propagation of several alpine Rhododendrons.[Result]The germination rate of five kinds of Rhododendron seeds was the highest in humus soil,73.33%,68.56%,65.46%,69.01%,70.67%,respectively,significantly higher than other substrates,the seedling rate of Rhododendron seeds was the best in humus soil,which was significantly higher than the other two substrates.The preservation rate of Rhododendron seedlings was the highest in humus soil,but it was not obviously different from other substrates.In terms of the growth characteristics of Rhododendron seedlings,humus soil was the best,and significantly better than the other two substrates.[Conclusion]According to the comprehensive evaluation of all indicators,humus soil can be used as the best substrate for sowing and breeding of five alpine Rhododendron seeds.