植物生长调节剂在广西一年两收阳光玫瑰葡萄栽培上的应用

Application of Plant Growth Regulators on the “Shine-Muscat” Grape Fruits in the Two-crop-a-year Cultivation in Guangxi

[目的]筛选出适合广西一年两收栽培阳光玫瑰葡萄果实(夏果和冬果)无核膨大处理的配方与方法,为广西地区阳光玫瑰葡萄一年两收高效、优质栽培提供技术支持。[方法]利用赤霉素(GA 3)、吡效隆(氯吡脲、CPPU)、噻苯隆(TDZ)等植物生长调节剂,夏果设置10个组合和浓度处理,冬果设置19个组合和浓度处理,以清水为对照,对一年两收栽培的阳光玫瑰葡萄夏果和冬果进行无核化及膨大处理。果实成熟后每处理采取5~10穗正常果穗,分别测量果穗长度、果粒数、果粒纵横径、果梗直径等,分析果实可溶性固形物、还原糖和总酸含量。[结果]不同处理中GA 3+CPPU和GA 3+噻苯隆均能使一年两收栽培模式下阳光玫瑰夏果和冬果的果粒增大,品质提高,但所有处理中,果粒最大、综合果实品质优良的处理为满花后3 d用25 mg/L GA 3+5 mg/L噻苯隆处理第一次,夏果间隔10 d、冬果间隔7 d后用30 mg/L GA 3+2 mg/L噻苯隆处理第二次,能获得较为理想的效果。夏果果实平均单粒重为13.40 g,最重果粒达17.44 g,无核率为84.00%,固/酸为33.51;冬果果实平均单粒重为11.32 g,最重果粒为14.96 g,无核率达96.00%,固/酸为25.57。[结论]一年两收栽培的阳光玫瑰葡萄夏果和冬果用适宜的植物生长调节剂处理后,能使果粒显著增大,增加其单粒重,提高其无核率并提升果实内在品质。

[Objective]To optimize and select the method of making berries seedless for summer and winter fruits of Shine Muscat in order to provide technical support for efficient and high quality cultivation of two-crop-a-year-cultivation for Shine Muscat in Guangxi.[Method]Water was used as the control,10(summer)and 19(winter)treatments of plant growth regulators of different combinations and concentrations were used to do the trials of seedlessness and enlargement.These plant growth regulators included gibberellins(GA 3),forchlorfenuron(CPPU),thidiazuron(TDZ).5-10 normal clusters were picked up after fruits ripening,cluster length,fruit grain number,vertical diameter and transverse diameter of fruit were detected and soluble solids,reducing sugar content and ratio of soluble solid value to titratable acidity were analyzed.[Result]From the comprehensive characters of the fruits after treatment,all treatments with GA 3+CPPU and GA 3+TDZ could increase the grain size and quality of summer and winter fruits of Shine Muscat under the two-crop-a-year cultivation mode.However,The optimal treatment was that first application of 25 mg/L GA 3+5 mg/L TDZ 3 days after flower abscission,and 10 days(summer)or 7 days(winter)later application of 30 mg/L GA 3+2 mg/L TDZ,which could produce uniform berries,in summer,the average weight of single fruit was 13.40 g,the weight of biggest single fruit was 17.44 g,the seedless rate was 84%,and the value of soluble solid/acid was 33.51;in winter,the average weight of single fruit was 11.32 g,the weight of biggest single fruit was 14.96 g,the seedless rate was 96%,and the value of soluble solid/acid was 25.57.[Conclusion]The seedless rate,single fruit weight and inner quality of fruit of Shine Muscat grape under the two-crop-a-year cultivation mode were significantly increased after treated with suitable plant growth regulators.