云南省不同生态区糯玉米种质资源数量性状变化与多样性

Changes and diversity of quantitative traits of waxy maize landraces collected from different ecological regions of Yunnan province

为了解云南省糯玉米地方种质资源数量性状在滇中温暖、滇西北冷凉、滇南暖热和滇东北温凉4个生态区之间的变化与多样性差异,采用SPSS 22.0分析了物候性状、株高及穗位高、子粒产量性状及品质性状等共16个性状的变异系数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在4个生态区之间的差异,并对参试材料进行聚类分析。结果表明,滇东北生态区的株高及穗位高的变异系数显著高于其他3个生态区,滇中生态区玉米穗粗、轴粗、千粒重、穗行数和含油量的变异系数显著高于滇东北生态区。株高、穗位高、穗长和轴粗的多样性指数在4个生态区之间有显著差异,且滇南生态区的最大,滇中生态区的次之,滇东北生态区的最小;其余12个性状在滇南生态区的多样性指数虽然多数较滇中生态区的更高,但差异不显著;除抽雄至散粉时间、散粉至吐丝时间和全生育期3个性状外,另外9个性状的多样性指数在滇东北与滇西北生态区之间的差异也显著不同,且为滇西北生态区高于滇东北生态区。聚类分析结果显示,参试材料能被划分为2个类群,第Ⅰ类群包括了43份材料,第Ⅱ类群只有5份材料。

To understand the changes and the diversity differences of quantitative traits of waxy maize landraces collected from four maize ecological regions of Yunnan including warm central ecological region,cold northwestern ecological region,warm and hot southern ecological region and warm and cool northeastern ecological region,the differences of the variation coefficients and the Shannon-Wiener index of 16 traits,including phenological traits,plant height and ear height,grain yield traits and quality traits,in four maize ecological regions were calculated by SPSS 22.0,and cluster map was constructed to analyze the origin relationship between experimental materials.The results showed that the variation coefficients of plant height and ear height in northeastern maize ecological region were significantly higher than the other three.The variation coefficients of ear diameter,cob diameter,1000-kernel weight,number of rows per ear and fat content in central maize ecological region were significantly higher than northeastern maize ecological region.There were significantly different among the four maize ecological regions in diversity index of plant height,ear height,ear length and cob diameter,and the largest one was southern maize ecological region,next followed by central maize ecological region,and northeastern maize ecological region was the smallest.The diversity index of the other 12 traits in southern maize ecological region were higher than those in central maize ecological region,but the difference was not significant.Besides the days from tasseling to anthesis,the days from anthesis to silking and the days from sowing to maturity,the diversity index of other 9 traits in northwestern maize ecological region were significantly higher than northeastern maize ecological region.Cluster analysis showed that the experiment materials could be divided into two groups.The groupⅠcontained 43 materials,and the groupⅡcontained only 5 materials.