邵阳市多普勒雷达产品在人工防雹中的应用

Application of doppler radar on artificial hail prevention in Shaoyang city

利用湖南省邵阳市2012—2017年多普勒雷达资料和冰雹灾害资料,选取7次冰雹天气过程进行统计,并总结出形成冰雹的几个预警指标,包括存在≥60 dBz强回波,且水平尺度≥15 km;存在高悬垂的反射率因子值(≥50 dBz),强反射率因子高度≥-20℃层高度;垂直累积液态含水量(VIL)≥40 kg/m^2维持30 min以上;1个体扫VIL激增10 kg/m^2,VIL最大值≥40 kg/m^2;速度场上有中气旋、逆风区等一种特征或几种特征。而三体散射长钉、钩状、带状、弓形等回波特征可作为辅助指标快速识别冰雹并发出预警。利用这些指标对2017—2018年发生的冰雹天气过程进行了试报,应用效果很好,预警指标在人工防雹工作中发挥了重要作用。

The doppler radar data and hail disaster data of Shaoyang city,Hubei Province from 2012 to 2017 were used to select 7 hail weather processes for statistics,and several warning indicators of hail formation were summarized.Warning indicators include that there is strong echo of 60 dBz,and the horizontal scale is more than 15 km;There is high overhang of reflectivity values(50 dBz or higher),strong reflectivity height-20℃ or higher layer height;More than 40 kg/m^2 VIL maintain more than 30 minutes;VIL surges by 10 kg/m^2 for 1 individual sweep,and the maximum value of VIL is greater than or equal to 40 kg/m^2;The velocity field has a cyclone,headwind zone and other characteristics or several characteristics.Three-body scattered spike,hook,strip,bow and other echo characteristics can be used as auxiliary indicators to quickly identify hail and give early warning.These indicators have been applied to the trial report of the hail weather process from 2017 to 2018,and the early warning indicators have played an important role in the artificial hail prevention work.