中链甘油三酯生酮饮食在神经退行性疾病治疗中的应用

Application of Medium Chain Triglyceride Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases

生酮饮食(Ketogenic diet,KD)是一种高脂肪、低碳水化合物组成的配方饮食,临床上,最早用于治疗难治性癫痫.KD经过数十年的探索与改进,从经典的生酮饮食(Long chain ketogenic diet,LKD)衍生出中链甘油三酯型生酮饮食(Medium chain triglyceride ketogenic diet,MKD)、改良阿特金斯型饮食(Modified Atkins diet,MAD)和低血糖指数饮食(Low glycemic index treatmen diet,LGIT)等多种形式的饮食方案,尤其是MKD在神经退行性疾病如多发性硬化症(Multiple sclerosis,MS)、阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer s disease,AD)、帕金森(Parkinson s disease,PD)、亨廷顿病(Huntington s disease,HD)等中起到明显治疗或是改善症状的作用.目前,MKD对神经保护的机制尚不完全明确,可能涉及的机制包括能量代谢、抗谷氨酸兴奋性毒性、抗氧化、抗凋亡、抗炎症等.本文就中链甘油三酯生酮饮食在神经退行性疾病的辅助治疗中的应用研究进展加以综述.

Ketogenic diet(KD)is a high-fat,low-carbohydrate formula diet.KD is earlier used for the treatment of refractory childhood epilepsy.After decades of exploration and improvement,KD has derived from the classic ketogenic diet to variety of dietary schemes,such as medium-chain glyceride ketogenic diet(MKD),modified atkins diet(MAD)and Low glycemic index treatmen diet(LGIT).In particular,MKD plays an important role in the treatment or improvement of neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis(MS),Alzheimer s disease(AD),Parkinson s(PD)and Huntington s disease(HD).At present,the mechanism of neuroprotection by MKD is not completely clear,it may relate to energy metabolism,anti-glutamate excitotoxicity,antioxidation,anti-apoptosis,anti-inflammation and so on.In this paper,the application of medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet in treatment or prevention of neurodegenerative diseases was summarized.