购买城镇商品房能提高农民幸福感吗?——基于CHFS数据的实证研究

Can Buying Urban Commercial Housing Improve the Happiness of Farmers? An Empirical Research Based on CHFS Data

随着城镇化进程的不断加快,以及政府鼓励农民进城购房,越来越多的农民家庭购买城镇商品住房。因此,研究拥有城镇住房以及房屋居住状况对农民幸福感有何影响具有重要的现实意义。本文基于2013中国家庭金融调查数据,利用Ordered Probit模型,实证检验购买城镇商品住房行为对农民幸福感的影响,并进行了详细的边际效应分析。结果表明,拥有城镇商品住房的农民比没有拥有城镇商品住房的农民的幸福感更高,城镇商品房购买行为能使农民感觉"非常不幸福""不幸福"和"一般"的概率分别下降0.3%、1.4%和2.6%,并使农民感觉"幸福"和"非常幸福"的概率分别上升2.1%和2.3%。为有效解决选择性偏误问题,本文还利用倾向得分匹配方法(PSM)进行稳健性检验,结果依然支持拥有城镇商品住房能显著提高农民幸福感。此外,本文还发现房屋居住状况更好的农民有更高的幸福感。因此,针对有意愿购买商品房的农民,政府应支持该部分农民进城购房商品住房,使其尽早享受优质的公共服务。而对目前没有条件或者没有意愿进城的农民,政府应通过农村危房改造、房屋修缮补助等项目,切实改善农民的住房条件。

With the acceleration of urbanization and the government’s encouragement of farmers to purchase houses in cities,more and more families of farmers have been buying urban commercial housing.Therefore,it is of great practical significance to study the impact of owning urban housing and living conditions on farmers’happiness.Based on the data of China’s Household Finance Survey in 2013,and by using the Ordered Probit model,we empirically test the impact of housing on farmers’happiness,and conduct a detailed analysis of the marginal effect.The results show that:compared with farmers who do not have urban commodity housing,farmers who own urban commodity housing have higher happiness.The purchase behavior of urban commercial housing can make the probability of farmers feeling"very unhappy","unhappy"and"general"falls by 0.3%,1.4%and 2.6%,and the probability of farmers feeling"happy"and"very happy"rose by 2.1%and 2.3%,respectively.In order to effectively solve the problem of selective bias,we also use the propensity score matching method(PSM)to conduct robustness test.The results still support that the possession of urban commodity housing can significantly improve farmers’happiness.In addition,we also find that farmers with better housing conditions have higher happiness.The policy implication of this article is that for farmers who are willing to purchase commercial housing,the government should support these farmers to enter the city to purchase commercial housing.This part of the peasants can enjoy the good public services as soon as possible.For peasants who have no conditions or are not willing to enter the city,the government should effectively improve the housing conditions of farmers through projects such as rural dilapidated housing renovation and housing repair subsidies.