清康熙时期对驻京喇嘛的管理研究

Study on the Management of Lama in Beijing During the Kangxi Period of Qing Dynasty

清王朝统治初期,为了全国统一和蒙藏地区的安定,遂设立驻京喇嘛制度。这一制度的确立极大地促进了满蒙藏之间的文化交流,然而由于疏于管理,驻京喇嘛引发出一系列问题。康熙帝继位后,一方面对驻京喇嘛予以扶持,另一方面通过设置专门机构、制定法令等措施对驻京喇嘛进行管理。文章首先阐述藏传佛教在蒙古地区的发展状况以及清初期主流地位的确立;其次,通过对管理机构的设置、喇嘛的禁例以及建立喇嘛等级制度三方面进行阐述,分析康熙时期对驻京喇嘛的管理;最后,通过对喇嘛管理制度进行成效分析,了解到虽然这些管理措施产生一定的负面效应,但是自主与世俗王权双管齐下的管理模式,对于多民族国家的社会稳定起到了至关重要的作用。

In the early period of the Qing dynasty,in order to unify the country and stabilize the Mongolian and Tibetan areas,Tibetan Buddhism was used to establish the system of resident lama in Beijing.However,due to poor management,the lama in Beijing caused a series of problems.After Emperor Kangxi succeeded to the throne,on one hand,he insisted on using mainstream support policies for the lama in Beijing,and on the other hand,he managed the lama in Beijing by setting up special institutions and making laws and regulations.Firstly,the development of Tibetan Buddhism in Mongolia and the establishment of mainstream status in the early Qing dynasty are described.Secondly,this paper analyzes the management of lama in Beijing during Kangxi period by expounding the establishment of management organization,the prohibition of lama and the establishment of lama hierarchy system.Finally,through the effective analysis of the management system of lamas,it is understood that although these management measures have certain negative effects,the management mode under the dual management of autonomy and secular kingship plays a vital role in the social stability of multi-ethnic countries.