秦岭不同等级公路周边有蹄类动物分布规律及影响因素研究

Distribution of Ungulate in Different Grades of Highway and Influential Factors Concerned in Qinling Mountains

本研究选择三种类型公路,采用样方法、雪障法、红外相机监测技术研究有蹄类动物分布规律、迁移策略、迁移方式,以及相关影响因素,结果表明:不同等级公路对有蹄类动物迁移均有影响,主要表现为有蹄类动物的回避效应以及对其迁移的阻隔,公路对有蹄类动物迁移的影响大小与公路的等级有关,等级越高,影响越大;有蹄类动物对路域环境的选择与海拔、植被类型、郁闭度、盖度、水源距离、隐蔽条件、基底特征、干扰距离等因子相关,人为干扰和隐蔽条件两个因子对有蹄类动物迁移影响较大,而它们对植被、地貌、水源等不同因子的选择程度以及偏好,一定程度上反映出这4种有蹄类动物在生态位上存在重叠和分化。

Along three types of roads,infrared cameras monitoring techniques,sampling method and snow tracing method were applied to study the distribution pattern,migration route,migration patterns and influential factors.The result showed that all different grades of highway have an impact on the migration of ungulates,mainly as the evasive effect of ungulates and the barrier to their migration.The impact of roads on the migration of ungulates is related to the grade of the road.The higher the grade of the highway,the greater the impact of it.Selection and use of roadside environment by ungulates are related with many factors,such as the elevation,vegetation type,canopy density,vegetation coverage,distance from the water,food abundance,hiding conditions,substrate feature and interference intensity and so on.Their preference to vegetation,topography,food and interference exhibited very different,which partly showed that four ungulates niche overlap and niche differentiation was existed during the migration.