西安市小王涧国有生态林场大中型兽类分布特征

Distribution Characteristics of Large and Medium Mammals in Xiaowangjian National Ecological Forest Farm of Xi’an

作者采用红外相机技术,对西安市小王涧国有生态林场大中型兽类分布特征进行了研究,结果表明:林场分布有16种大中型兽类,分别是羚牛、林麝、金丝猴、鬣羚、斑羚、狍、小麂、毛冠鹿、野猪、青鼬、豹猫、豪猪、果子狸、猪獾、金钱豹、黑熊;相对丰富度指数野猪最高,为34.91%,金钱豹最少,为0.09%,其他兽类介于二者之间;不同海拔区间兽类物种多样性不同,中山地带最高(13种),低海拔区次之(10种),高海拔区最少(7种);不同类型植被中的兽类物种多样性不同,物种数针阔混交林(13种)>阔叶林(11种)>针叶林(8种)>灌丛与草甸(4种),物种丰富度指数阔叶林中(37.65%)>针阔混交林(30.49%)>针叶林(20.38%)>灌丛与草甸(14.25%)。大中型野生动物的分布差异是海拔因素与植被类型因素相互作用的结果,小王涧林场的光头山、干沟、高西沟、南叉河、户菜路等区域是大中型兽类分布集中区域,应实施重点保护。

The distribution characteristics of large and medium-sized mammals in Xiaowangjian National Ecological Forest Farm of Xi'an were studied by using infrared camera technology.The results showed that there were 16 species of large and medium-sized mammals,including Golden Takin,Forest Musk Deer,Golden Snub-nosed Monkey,Chinese Serow,Chinese Goral,Siberian Roe Deer,Reeves,Muntjac,Tufted Deer,Wild boar,Yellow-throated Marten,Leopard cat,Chinese Porcupine,Masked Palm Civet,Hog Badger,Leopard and Black bear.The richness of wild boar was 34.91%,and that of leopard was 0.09%.The relative richness of other mammals was no less than 0.09%.The index is somewhere between the two.According to the elevation range,the mammal species diversity in middle elevation area is the highest,13 species observed;in low elevation area,10 species obeserved;in high elevation area 7 species at least.According to vegetation types,the mammal species diversity of coniferous-broad-leaved mixed forest was the highest,13 species observed,followed by broad-leaved forest and coniferous forest,11 species and 8 species,respectively,and shrubs and meadows were the least,4 species observed.The species richness index of broad-leaved forest was the highest(37.65%),followed by coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest(30.49%)and coniferous forest(20.38%)and shrub and meadow(14.25%).The difference in the distribution of large and medium-sized wildlife in Xiaowangjian National Forest Farm is the result of the interaction between elevation factors and vegetation type factors.The areas of Guangtou Mountain,Gangou,Gaoxigou,Nanfork River and Hucai Road are the areas where the distribution of large and medium-sized mammals is concentrated,and the key protection should be implemented.