商洛市旱作土壤管理对土壤环境及核桃树体生长的影响

Effects of Soil Management System of Dry Farming on Soil Environment and Walnut Tree Growth

为了改善核桃园的土壤环境,促进核桃树生长,在商洛市洛南县,以坡地核桃树为对象,在核桃树行间开展了地膜覆盖、修反坡梯田、修蓄水盘、环状改土等四种不同旱作农业土壤管理措施对土壤环境及树体生长的影响研究。结果表明不同处理均可提高春季土壤温度,增加土壤水分,降低土壤容重,增加土壤孔隙度,提高土壤肥力,其中地膜覆盖对土壤环境影响较大;不同处理均可促进核桃树提早萌芽、展叶、开花,延迟果实成熟及落叶,促进枝条生长,增加叶面积、冠幅及主干粗度,提高雌雄比及座果率,提高核桃产量,其中地膜覆盖的表现较好。商洛核桃产区应积极开展核桃园地膜覆盖。

Drought is one of the main limiting factors to the growth of Shangluo walnut.In order to improve the soil environment of walnut orchard and promote the growth of walnut tree,the effects of plastic film mulching,reversed terrace,water storage tray and annular soil modification on soil environment and tree growth were studied in Luonan County,Shangluo City.The results showed that all treatments increased soil temperature,increased soil moisture,reduced soil bulk density,increased soil porosity and improved soil fertility,of which plastic film mulching had a great influence on soil environment.The treatments improved bud germination,leaf expansion and flowering earlier and postponed fruit ripening and foliage.The treatments promoted shoots growth,expanded leaves area,broadened crown width,and increased trunk thickness,female-male ratio,fruit setting rate,and walnut yield,among which plastic film mulching showed better performance.Plastic film mulching should be actively carried out in walnut orchard in Shangluo walnut production area.