分娩环境对母猪代谢状况和哺乳早期仔猪初乳摄入量的影响

Effects of parturition environment on metabolism of sows and colostrum intake in early suckling piglets

文章旨在探讨临产前给母猪提高筑巢材料(木屑)对母猪血清非酯化脂肪酸浓度和新生仔猪初乳摄入量的影响。试验选择平均胎龄一致的母猪54头,随机分为3组,每组18头母猪。处理1组母猪饲喂在210×80 cm的封闭板条箱中,地上铺一层木屑;处理2组母猪饲喂在开口板条箱中,地上撒一层木屑;处理3组母猪被放养在板条箱中,门打开,地上撒两层木屑,提供树枝和50 cm的绳子。所有参与实验的母猪都被限制在产仔箱中,直到第一头小猪分娩后7 d。分别在产前1~3 d、产后1~7 d通过耳静脉收集母猪血液样本进行非酯化脂肪酸的检测。同时测定各组仔猪血清免疫球蛋白A、G和M浓度及仔猪出生后0、12、24、48和72 h血清免疫球蛋白A、G和M浓度。结果发现:母猪分娩环境对哺乳早期仔猪平均日增重具有显著影响(P<0.05),其中处理2组最高,其次是处理3组,处理1组最低。母猪分娩环境对总产仔数,活产仔数,出生和产后第1周体重以及哺乳第7和12天乳成分的影响均无显著差异(P>0.05)。与处理1组和处理2组相比,处理3组有提高产前1~3 d、产后1~7 d和产前3 d~产后7 d血清非酯化脂肪酸含量的趋势(P=0.07)。处理3组较处理1和处理2组有提高仔猪血清免疫球蛋白G浓度的趋势(P=0.07)。仔猪出生后72 h较出生后12、24和48 h血清免疫球蛋白A、G、M浓度最低(P<0.05)。综上所述,母猪分娩环境并没有降低仔猪产后死亡率,但改善了母猪代谢状况,通过测定哺乳早期新生仔猪血清免疫球蛋白A、G和M浓度可以预测初乳摄入量,这对提高仔猪在哺乳期的存活率和生长速度具有重要作用。

The effects of increasing nesting material(wood chips)on serum non-esterified fatty acid concentration and colostrum intake of newborn piglets were studied.A total of 54 sows with the same mean gestational age were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups with 18 sows in each group.Treatment 1 group(T1)of sows were fed in a closed crate 210×80 cm with a layer of wood chips on the ground.T2 sows were fed in open crate with a layer of wood dust on the ground.T3 sows were treated and placed in crates with doors open and two layers of wood dust scattered on the ground,providing branches and 50 cm of string.All the participating sows were confined to their litter boxes until seven days after the first piglet was born.Blood samples from sows were collected from ear veins 1~3 days before and 1~7 days after delivery,respectively,for the detection of non-esterified fatty acids.Serum immunoglobulin A,G and M concentrations in each group and at 0,12,24,48 and 72 h after birth were determined.The results showed that the parturition environment in for sows had a significant influence on the average daily weight gain of piglets in the early stage of lactation(P<0.05),among which T2 showed the highest,followed by T3,and T1 showed the lowest.There were no significant differences in the effects of environment on total litter number,live litter number,weight at the first week after birth and postpartum,and milk composition at the 7th and 12th day of lactation(P>0.05).Compared with T1 and T2,the serum non-esterified fatty acid content in treatment group 3 increased at 1~3,1~7 and 7-day postpartum(P=0.07).The serum immunoglobulin G concentration of piglets was increased in T3 compared with T1 and T2(P=0.07).Serum immunoglobulin A,G and M concentrations were lowest in piglets 72 h after birth compared with 12,24 and 48 h after birth(P<0.05).To sum up,the parturition environment does not reduce the postnatal mortality of piglets,but improve the metabolic status of the sow,determination by lactation early newborn piglets serum immunoglobulin A,G and M concentration can predict colostrum intake,which can improve the survival rate of piglets in lactation and growth plays an important role.