翻译赞助人对译家林纾的影响

The Influences of Patrons on the Translator Lin Shu

学界普遍认为林纾翻译家身份的确立与“林译小说”品牌树立是机缘巧合、天才禀赋等因素造就的。本文从勒菲弗尔翻译赞助人的视角,运用数据分析与文本对比分析的方式,探究林纾翻译成功的社会历史缘由。在林纾翻译生涯的不同阶段或同一阶段的不同方面,权威人士、合译者、社会团体、出版机构发挥了联合赞助的功能,充当了不同的翻译赞助人。权威人士和出版机构充当了他的经济赞助人,合译者和维新派扮演了他的意识形态赞助人,桐城派和新文化派则成为了他的诗学赞助人。这些赞助人不仅影响了林纾的经济状况、翻译态度、身份地位,也影响了其译本的选择、译作的出版与数量。

It is generally held that the establishment of Lin Shu’s translator identity and Lin’s translated fiction brand are attributable to lucky coincidences or personal endowments.This article,however,investigates the social and historical reasons for his great success from the patron perspective by relying on data analysis and text comparison.The article finds that a wide range of patronage-givers performed collaborative but various functions at the different stages or in different aspects of the same stage in his translation career.And the patronage-givers consisted of the social personages at that time,his interpreters,the persons who represented the Tongcheng School and facilitated the New Cultural Movement and diverse publishers.The personages and the publishers then conducted the economy-related functions as his economic patrons,the interpreters and the reformers shaped his translation views as his ideological patrons,and the persons from Tongcheng School and New Cultural Movement controlled the poetics-oriented factors in his translations as his poetological patrons.Seen in this way,those patrons not only played an indispensable role in his earnings,his attitudes towards translation,and his status as a translator,but also made a remarkable contribution to his choice of texts to be translated,and the publication and publication volume of his translations.